Revenge in Wuthering Heights and Hamlet Essay - 451 Words

In both Wuthering Heights and Hamlet characters deal with the theme of revenge, however, both characters face revenge with a different perspective. Heathcliff is isolated, pro active and rash, while Hamlet is very public which doesnt allow him to act rashly and he spends a lot of time procratinating. The motifs and methods of both characters also adds to the difference. In Shakespeares Hamlet, Hamlet is seeking revenge against claudius for the murder of his father. He is presented with many opportunities to achieve his goal, but he is constantly over analysing the situation, looking for the perfect moment. He has the perfect chance when Claudius iss praying alone in a corridor, Hamlet could have easily killed him but instead he†¦show more content†¦Hamlet could kill Claudius but instead decides to wait because he does nto want to send him to heaven. Heathcliff in Brontes Wuthering Heights, is different from this because there is no hesitation in his actions. If presented with and opportunity for revenge, he acts immediately. When he realizes that Isabella has fallen for him, he seizes the opportunity to get revenge on Edgar and marries her. There was no hesitation in his plan, he never thought of the repercussions his actions could have. The setting in the two pieces of litterature is also different and causes the two characters to act differently. Wuthering Heights is set in a desolate area away from civilization and this enables Heathcliff to act rashly, he doesnt have to be careful of other people getting in the way. Hamlet is unable to act so rashly because he is constantly in the public eye. Hamlet is also influenced by others to seek his revenge. The ghost of his father plays an important role in his wish to do so, the ghost says, Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (act 1, scene 5). He is asking Hamlet to get revenge on Claudius for killing him, and Hamlet will oblige. Heathcliff on the other hand is influence only by his desire for revenge, no ither characters had and effect on him. The major difference in the two characters is that Hamlet is seeking justice for the murder of hisShow MoreRelatedEmily Bronte s Hamlet And Wuthering Heights 1307 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights Abstract This concise paper is an analogical study. It consists of three parts; the first one defines the word revenge and explains where the theme of revenge comes from and how it has expended to other types of literary works until these days. The second part of the study, is supported by exemplifies Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet. The last part of the paper, provides Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Wuthering Heights as a good example; because one of the main themesRead More Vengeance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights2442 Words   |  10 PagesVengeance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Love, betrayal and revenge play leading roles in both Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s â€Å"Wuthering Heights.† Both works feature doomed relationships, a ghostly haunting, and death. The court at Elsinore, despite its luxurious setting, almost mirrors the seclusion of the Yorkshire moors of Wuthering Heights — making both settings almost prison like. But, it is not setting that makes both works interesting: it is theRead MoreThe Theme Of Revenge In Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1783 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights is a great literary work which keeps the audience exited from the beginning till the end of the novel. Some novels are monotonous in the way they are written and lack ideas to keep the novel move forward but this novel is an exception. Author keeps the audience guessing throughout this novel and that is one of the fundamental reasons for acceptance of this book even by the audience of this generation. Wuthering Heights basical ly revolves around its two main characters CatherineRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet As A Traditional Revenge Tragedy1380 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is one of the world’s most renowned plays, one which has stood the test of time over the course of 400 years, finding relevance even today. A complex and sophisticated work, Hamlet is a masterful weaving of the myriad of components that make up the human experience; it delicately touches upon such topics as death, romance, vengeance, and mania, among several others. Being so intricate and involuted, Hamlet has been interpreted in countless fashions since its conceptionRead MoreWhat is Grief?1639 Words   |  7 Pagesgrieving. In the novels Wuthering Heights, East of Eden, and the play Hamlet all three authors of these works explore the topic of grieving and how to overcome it. In some of the novels the characters don’t overcome it, and their grief becomes their downfall. For some, grief can take various shapes within their emotions and reactions. It can have stages and various intensities for each person it affects. For the character Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, his griefRead MoreHow does Emily Bronte use Gothic elements to enhance the novel ‘Wuthering Heights’? Discuss how Daphne Du Maurier’s ‘Jamaica Inn’ illuminates this.2086 Words   |  9 PagesEmily Bronte use Gothic elements to enhance the novel ‘Wuthering Heights’? Discuss how Daphne Du Maurier’s ‘Jamaica Inn’ illuminates this. In the Victorian era we saw the revival of gothic literature; it fictionalised contemporary fears such as ethical degeneration, unmediated spiritual beliefs against a stern religious faith and also questioned the social structure of the time. Although written almost 100 years apart both Wuthering Heights and Jamaica Inn share many themes and components. Both

Self Reflection Essay - 1250 Words

During the fall semester FYS class, I was able to learn the meet many of the learning objectives for this course. I learned how using critical thinking, reading, and writing skills will help in my work. I learned more about myself and what direction I want to go in my life. The importance of coming of age and adventure were brought to my attention, and the themes that go with it. The class discussions prepared me for when I had to be the discussion leader, and explain my adult adventure plan in the class. I felt that these learning objectives helped me to become a better students during this semester, and to be able to use what I learned throughout the next 4 years. I met the course objectives for critical thinking, reading, and†¦show more content†¦In the movie, Boyz in the hood, Tre was kind of a punk in his school, but when he went to live with his dad he stopped. He lived in the hood, so he could have easily grew up like Doughboy, but he wasn’t. This showed self -direction because you can pretty much choose who you are gonna be, and where you are going to go no matter where you live, or how you are raised. Through every assignment done in this class, different themes of coming of age was shown in each one. The challenges were shown when Tre could have chose to go with Doughboy to kill the guy who killed his friend. In the movie, Sandlot, Smalls makes a bad decision of taking his step dads ball, and hitting it over the fence where supposedly a child eating dog lives. The bad decision of taking the ball taught Smalls how to face his fears when he eventually goes over the fence to get the ball. In my childhood adventure story, I remember how I started out, and what I learned through the mistake of doing something without permission. In my adolescence adventure paper, I learned the importance of truth, and that it is always the best option. Finally, In the adult adventure story, I was given the chance to take a step back an0d think about what exactly I want out of my life. This course objective was met by me getting a true idea of what the themesShow MoreRelatedSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  on   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:Read MoreSelf Reflection Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesNever Over The end of the semester is approaching quickly and you can see â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel.† The final assignment is a self-reflection essay on what you learned during the semester in ENG 111. There were three other essay assignments. The first one was called a literacy narrative, the second one, a single source essay, and the third one, a multi-source essay. But how can I write about things I do not understand? I had never taken an online class before, much less, a class that requiredRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesHalf of living is reflecting on what is being lived. I highly agree with this sentence, self-reflecting is difficult. I am working on self-reflecting and how understanding myself will help me understand others. Self-reflecting can affect people in a positive or in a negative way. I have to learn to pull and highlight all the positive aspects of what a self-reflection emerge, with out fixating on the fear or the negative. Most of us are thirsty individuals that want immediate ratification andRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesSelf Reflection Section I: Introduction My name is Theresa Laquita Williams. I was born in Palatka Florida but I now reside in Zion Illinois with my husband. I am in my second year at the College of Lake County. Upon completion of my Associate of Arts degree I am planning to transfer to a university to get my bachelorette degree in social work. When describing myself I would say that I have a strong love for people of all color. I am very friendly, outgoing, free hearted, creative, and a bigRead MoreEssay On Self Reflection1568 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Reflection Paper What personal and professional strengths do you have that you can use and build on to create helping relationships with your clients? When I think about what strengths I have that I can bring to the profession here is what comes to mind. I am very compassionate about providing a way for others to positively turn their life around. I truly believe that everyone deserves a chance at a good life and equal opportunities. I have a very big heart so my ability to empathize with myRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay735 Words   |  3 Pagesinfluential though actions alone. I seek to make a difference in the world, to help others. I view a life without the chance to serve other and to make a positive difference in the world as a wasted life. Learning Application The Reflected Best Self-Exercise has certainly transformed how I view my own strengths, but also has transformed how I view strengths in general. For majority of my life, I have believed the actions I take and the effort I put into activities were solely for the purpose ofRead MoreEssay On Self Reflection958 Words   |  4 PagesPractitioners Statement 2 Unrelated Pieces First piece: Blissful soul Once this course had commenced, I came up with the idea of painting a person’s reflection to represent the theme of self-image. Throughout the process of experimenting with different types of paint, I decided to work closely with watercolour as it was a media that I found enjoyable. I aimed for an experience where I developed the knowledge of working with watercolour, which became more realistic through researching the artistsRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesAs I just came out of our prayer centered worship night my heart cried out. These feelings will soon fade by the time this article actually post, but I feel like I need to reflect on it. I cried for the first time not about my lacking of faith, school, boys, or friendships, but the darkest parts of me that I try so hard to hide. Those demons that I have fought long to fight off, but sometimes they come creeping back. I reflect on the past week and the news of suicide that destroyed my small townRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesFinding a Reason to Care: A Self Reflection I think it should be the goal of the teacher to improve the student in at least one way before they finish their class with them. I can say that I have seen improvements in myself while taking this writing course. It is interesting to analyze yourself because sometimes changes can be so gradual that you scarcely notice them happening; it is only when reflecting upon them that you notice a change has even been made. Throughout this class I have seen changesRead MoreSelf Reflection Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout this school year I learned a lot about myself pertaining to who I am as a person and what I need to work on to push myself harder to achieve the goals I have set for myself. Being in Ap language taught me that every teacher isn’t going to give you an easy A, you’ll face difficult challenges and obstacles and you can’t procrastinate forever. However, I persisted the whole year and now determined to make newly changes to me and my life. I was a teacher’s

Challenges in Cyber Security for Business Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cyber Security for Business ? Answer: Introducation Literature review can be understood as the review of writings and literature on the specific topic by different authors. The piece of writings are evaluated which supports and evaluates the research topics. The main purpose of literature review is to identify the terminologies and explain the, through various researches. It helps in explaining the theory, methodology and the findings. Here, the literature review is done for Challenges in Cyber Security for Business and for this purpose, various articles, web sources are been referred. As per Kaplan, Sharma Weinberg (2011), Cyber security refers to the protection of digital business information and intellectual property against the misuse or theft. This is becoming the critical issue in businesses today which has to be fought in order to make businesses and their data safe and secure. US government has referred cyber security as one of the most critical challenges in the nation. The companies need to adopt various cyber security approaches in order to protect their information without compromising with the growth of the company. Literature Review In the recent years, Cyber security has become a bigger issue. According to Kaplan, Sharma Weinberg (2011), a research has been conducted at the leading 25 companies at global level. The in depth interviews conducted which revealed that the increased use in technology in business has led to the need of more security in the corporate environment. The research identified four emerging trends which include Increase in the use of digital data, Increase in connectivity and openness which makes a way for malwares, increase in the technologically advanced hackers and cybercrime organisations and the interconnected supply chains which put the business networks at risks. In the views of James (2016), with the increased use of technology, the opportunities and challenges for the businesses have also increased. Cyber world is huge now. It includes mobiles, internet, smartphones, tablets and much more. 46% of the total population of the world is connected to internet and this shows that cybercr ime is on boom with the opportunities in the cyber world. There are number of challenges the cyber world has to address. Many sectors like government, industry, service, academics, etc. need to adopt the approaches which can minimise the risks of cybercrimes. James further added that the challenges in cyber security of business include lack of leadership, Collaboration and lack of education and awareness in people. One of the biggest challenges is lack of leadership for which different actions are to be taken. Security is something which builds trusts between people and technology. A good leadership is required to handle the issues and challenges. It helps in settling the governance in the organisation and in supporting the private sector and education. The second challenge is collaboration. It is seen that collaboration assist in sharing of knowledge can be shared well. Collaboration assists the hackers and cyber criminals to work together and develop new techniques to commit cybercrime. The third challenge is lack of education and awareness. The enrolments in ICT courses have dropped which creates a problem in the ICT industry and it is becoming tough to bring the industry on track. Skilled cyber security professionals are needed to handle this industry of Australia (Babate, et al., 2015). Service and privacy challenges have to be faced by the business. It is often seen that even the most secure information can become public. This shows that the security is not strong for the information and data of business. The businesses nowadays collect personal data of the customers for providing those best suited services and products to them. These details can be leaked easily and the details such as bank accounts, ATM transactions can be used for theft by the criminals (Jabee Alam, 2016). According to Beshar (2016), in the last few years, cyber-attacks have increased and damaging the businesses. A framework is required for addressing the same. The ideas should be now turned into actions. The report by Fischer (2016) shows that over the years, the Information and communications technology has evolved a lot. In modern society, it has become an integral part of every individual as well as business. Cyber security is how ICT systems are been protected. There are some long term challenges which are to be addressed. These challenges are related to: Design: designing the security system for cyber security has been a challenge for the designers. As per the experts, the security system should be a part of ICT design but developers believe that focussing on features that security is more important to earn more profits. Incentives: There are challenges related to cyber security. Where on one hand, cybercrime is cheap and profitable for the criminals, on other hand; cyber security is expensive for the companies. Environment: the emerging applications on mobiles, social media, big data, etc. have increased the environment for cybercrimes (Fischer, 2016). Consensus: Consensus of all stakeholders is needed for designing and implementing the cyber security policies. According to Bingham, Bector Herbolzheimer (2016), it is very important for the business to get success and for this, integrity is the main element which helps business in attaining success. The report says that the coming years will bring more challenges to handle the criminal activities in cyber world. But if the companies have good awareness then they can identify weakness and then can handle the scenarios in a better way. They can also set the priorities handling the issues. As per Wang, et al. (2010), the security should be maintained in cyber world to maintain confidentiality. It will prevent the secret information of the business. It also helps in maintaining the privacy of the users. The security is needed to maintain integrity in business. It means that no modification in the data of organisation can be done without the permission of authorised entity. There should be authenticity to ensure that the information, data and communication made within the business is genuine. In the report by Purdy (2016), one of the main global cyber security challenges is supply chain risk. Supply chain risk can be understood as the risk which may disrupt the Manufacturing, distribution, installation or other functions in the business. It threats include installation of corrupted software or hardware, failure of systems of production or distribution or reliance upon malicious software or hardware. The companies may take steps to address this risk like adoption or usage of softwares like SAFECode which provides software for increasing trust in Information and Communications technology by promoting the awareness and use of safe and reliable softwares. It provides a framework which meets the challenge of the risk. Different governments have also taken initiatives to meet these challenges like Chinese government has taken some initiatives which have an important impact on the technology firms in China. Network security and monitoring systems have been implemented for meeting cyber challenges. In July 2015, the government has drafted a cyber-security law for addressing the risks. The government of UK also adopted some approaches to secure the ICT global supply chain in the businesses. Risk mitigation plans are suggested for the same. The Nation Cyber Security programme (NCSP) of UK provides funds to the Trustworthy Software Initiative so that the trustworthy softwares can be promoted. In Japan, Cyber Security strategy has been issues in the year 2015 which aims at improving the awareness for cyber security in businesses. In United States, reforms have been made to improve the cyber security in businesses (Purdy, 2016). As per Mohammed, Mariani Mohammed (2015), Information technology has derived many benefits to the businesses but it also poses major challenges to the businesses. The business is facing threats of viruses, malwares, loss of data and information and disruptions in operations. The businesses are facing challenges of meeting the costs of managing these threats and of adopting the practices which attempts to improve the systems. Everyday communication in the business depends on the internet based services. Almost every function in the business is now dependent on the computer and technology based activities. So, it shows that the businesses are getting more reliant on the Information and communications technology and when there are short interruptions in the technology, a huge financial loss can occur to the business. Dependence on ICT can create huge risks to the business and their information. The lack in the technological infrastructure is also a challenge for the businesses (Abomhar a Kien, 2015). There are billions of users of Internet in the world which shows that Internet is growing so rapidly worldwide. The companies based on computer and related functions are seeing high potential growth in the developing countries. The companies face a challenge of acquiring low cost and quality services and hardware. Also one of the biggest challenges is to save the activities from the illegal usage (OECD, 2012). The increase in the number of users on internet creates difficulties for the agencies to maintain control. It is tough to identify the different between legal and illegal content. The automation of processes limits the involvement of humans which also provides a change for automated hacking tools to corrupt the systems. The increase in communication has increased the fake emails, anti-social behaviour and other activities which are not accepted and are not good for the businesses and their growth (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). According to Banham (2017), the situation is terrible for cyber-attacks in corporate now. As per the Global Information Security Survey of 2016- 2017 conducted by EY, most of the companies are facing the risks of cybercrime. Around 1735 global executives were surveyed and it was found that only 1 out of 5 surveyed consider cyber strategy and planning as the important one. The companies are facing financial losses because of cyber-attacks. Also, the companies are facing the damage and loss to their reputation because of such incidents. The companies will have to understand the importance of managing these threats otherwise the risk and threat will be unknown and the businesses will lose their integrity and reputation. The businesses will have to identify the risk and its value. The survey concluded that 32 per cent of the respondents lacks in awareness of the planning and preparation part to meet the challenges of cybercrime. The survey gave other findings too. The findings include that 38 per cent of the respondents accepted that they have enough tools and information and they are bale to evaluate cyber risks. It was also seen that 9 out of every 10 businesses i.e. 89 per cent are not able to evaluate the impact of the cybercrime on their business. This shows that businesses and people are unaware about the loss they can face because of cyber security risks (Banham, 2017). The industry has grown at a great speed. Ten years earlier, the hackers used to sit somewhere in the basement and try these cybercrime activities just for fun but now the organisations are hiring the talented young graduates and people from the universities and offering them huge money to join them and perform such activities. As per Mansfield (2017), the statistics shows that 43 per cent of the cyber-attacks have small businesses on their target but only 14 per cent of the business has the ability to meet the risks and face the attacks. It is also found that 60 per cent of the companies vanish from the markets within 6 months of a single cyber-attack. This shows that the companies do not have strong policies and approaches to meet these risks and threats. According to Zadelhoff (2016), the Cyber Security Intelligence Index of 2016 shows that the big corporations like IBM found that 60 per cent of the cyber-attacks are carried on by the insiders of the company. The research also foun d that most of the attacks and breaches are found in the business like health care, financial services and manufacturing services. It is because these industries have personal data, intellectual property and huge amount of financial assets. People conduct cybercrimes by leaking out the passwords or the methods and approaches adopted by the company (Hutchings, 2012). Cyber security is important for the Australian economy and also for the society. Development in technology is more important but with this comes the responsibility of securing the data, information and systems. The government should look for better policies and requirements of cooperation for better regulations so that the challenges can be met in the industry. The cyber security challenges will increase in future but the corporations have to take up more innovative approaches for interacting with the customers and for managing their data and information. The challenges have to be met properly by framing strategies, risk management and by handling the legal and technology functions well. Everyone has their own role to play in future for managing these attacks (Goutam, 2015). As an individual, a person should be fair enough and handle the data properly at the workplace. The government have to take positive actions to ensure that adoption of cyber security practices at the workplace. E ducation and Research can be carried out which improves the knowledge of everyone about the field. The businesses could take certain steps to draw attention towards cyber security. Training programs can be conducted which can teach the workers that how the data can be secured and attention should be paid towards security of cyber systems at the workplace. It can be concluded that there are some pillars which should be considered for promoting cyber security. These include Education unawareness, planning and preparation, Detection and discovery of breaches or losses, sharing and collaboration of the current and future risks and maintaining ethics at the workplace by the individuals and business as well. References Abomhara, M Kien, G M 2015, Cyber Security and the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Threats, Intruders and Attacks, Journal of Cyber Security, Vol. 4, 6588. Babate, A I, Musa, M A, Kida, A M Saidu, M K 2015, State of Cyber Security: Emerging Threats Landscape, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1. Banham, R 2017, Why Cybersecurity Should Be A No. 1 Business Priority For 2017, Forbes. Beshar, P J 2016, The Cybersecurity Challenge Every Business Should Prepare for, Fortune. Bingham, R S, Bector, R Herbolzheimer, C 2016, Evolving Challenges in Cyber Risk Management, Marsh Mclennan Companies. Chen, H, Chiang, R H and Storey, V C, 2012, Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact,MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Fischer, E A 2016, Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges: In Brief, Congressional Research Service. Goutam, R K 2015, Importance of Cyber Security, International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 111 No 7. Hutchings, A 2012, Computer security threats faced by small businesses in Australia, Australian Government, No. 433. Jabee, R Alam, M A 2016, Issues and Challenges of Cyber Security for Social Networking Sites (Facebook), International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 144 No.3. James, C 2016, Cybersecurity: Threats Challenges Opportunities, ACS. Kaplan, J, Sharma, S Weinberg, A 2011, Meeting the cybersecurity challenge, McKinsey Company. Mansfield, M 2017, Cyber Security Statistics Numbers Small Businesses Need to Know, Small Business Trends. Mohammed, D, Mariani, R Mohammed, S 2015, Cybersecurity Challenges and Compliance Issues within the U.S. Healthcare Sector, International Journal of Business and Social Research, Volume 05, Issue 02 OECD, 2012, Cybersecurity Policy Making at a Turning Point: Analysing a New Generation of National Cybersecurity Strategies for the Internet Economy. Purdy, A 2016, The Global Cyber Security Challenge, Huawei. Wang, E K, Ye, Y, Xu, X, Yiu, S M, Hui, L C K Chow, K P 2010, Security Issues and Challenges for Cyber Physical System, ACM International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing. Zadelhoff, M V 2016, The Biggest Cybersecurity Threats Are Inside Your Company, Harvard Business Review.

Louis Armstrong Research Paper free essay sample

Many people knew Louis Armstrong as the first real genius of Jazz(Shelton 26). He was born In New Orleans, Louisiana on August 4, 1901. Louis was the Illegitimate son of William Armstrong and Mary Est Mahayana Albert. He was abandoned by his father, a boiler stoker, shortly after his birth and was raised by his paternal grandmother. Then, at the age of five, he was returned to the care of his mother, who at the time worked as a laundress. Together with his mom, they moved to a better area of New Orleans. This is where Armstrong first fell in love with music; he would listen to people playing any chance that he would get(Trio).He would attend parades, funerals, churches and go to cheap cabarets to be able to hear some of the greats play Jazz. As a child, to help support his mother, he worked different odd Jobs. Mainly, he would sell newspapers and deliver coal. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Armstrong Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, he would sit on the street corners and sing for loose change. Armstrong then dropped out of school after the 5th grade and ran into a little trouble with the law. He was arrested for firing a weapon in a city and was sent to the Colored Waifs Home for one and a half years, where his musical career really started(Lolls Daniel Armstrong).Thanks to his childhood, and his Involvement In music, he became one of the greatest Jazz musicians of all time and a singer responsible for the development of major trends in pop and jazz music(Trio). Louis Armstrong became famous due to his musical talent, social involvement, personality and influence on Jazz. Armstrong was involved with music for almost his entire life. He started getting involved at a young age Just listening to rags, marches, and blues whenever Armstrong). He was fascinated by the emerging Jazz music being played around the city at places Like the Funky Butt Hall(Rutabaga).He began inning on the streets and eventually joined a barbershop quartet(Louis Armstrong). As soon as he saved enough money, at age 10, Armstrong bought his first cornet(Trio). As the quartet he was in, Back-of-Town Boys, got better they started to attract attention from some local musicians, in particular Bunk Johnson. Johnson was a well-known trumpeter and responded when Armstrong asked him to learn him how to play, and gave him some basic Instructions. These lessons were nothing special, but turned out to be huge In Armstrongs development as a musician(Rutabaga). After his run in with the law, Armstrong was sent to the Colored Waifs Home. It was here that Armstrongs only outlet was the schools band. Only the kids who behaved well were allowed to play, so this gave him a reason to behave(Lolls Armstrong). He Jumped between many instruments, but he and his teacher eventually decided that the cornet was the best instrument for him, which proved a wise Daniel Armstrong). Eventually, he became the leader of the Homes Brass Band, which played at parades and picnics and helped in getting his talents recognized(Louis Armstrong).After his release, Armstrong had developed his skills enough to Join the local group of honk-ton and parade Caucasians(Rutabaga). It was here that he was recognized by another jazz great,Joe King Oliver, who was impressed with Armstrong and took him under his wing. Armstrongs first big break was In 1 918 when Oliver left New Orleans for Chicago, as cornets(Louis Armstrong). At the same time he was hired as the second trumpet in the popular Tuxedo Brass Band(Rutabaga). This is where his career started to take off. It was noted by many that Armstrong would often appear at two venues in one day to put on two different shows(Shipping 27).While he was not being overworked by the two bands he was a part of at the time, Armstrong still found time o work under Fate Marble on the riverboats. This was another significant part of his career because when the band was not playing, another band member, David Jones, helped teach Armstrong to read music(Louis Armstrong). Then in 1922, Armstrong was invited to Chicago to be the second cornet in Olivers Creole Jazz Band. This was a hard move for Armstrong because he did not want to leave his hometown of New Orleans, but he knew it was a move he needed to make(Trio).He made his first ever recording with Olivers band in 1923 under the Gannett Label. Though, in 1924, Armstrong was given the opportunity to move to New York City. He did not want to make the move, but his wife convinced him it was best for his career, and he went. In New York, Armstrong was the third cornet in Fletcher Henderson band(Louis Daniel Armstrong). While performing in Henderson band, Armstrong made many more recordings, and was lucky enough to work with some famous Jazz singers and instrumentalists; Bessie Smith, Ma Rained, Alberta Hunter, and Sidney Becket.But Armstrong became unhappy with the band because he was given few opportunities to solo and was rarely allowed to sing, which forced him away from Henderson band(Cogwheels 18). Though he was only in New York for a year, this trip helped his talent become more nationally recognized. He built confidence, learned about showmanship, and improved his ability to read music(Louis Daniel Armstrong). Everybody in New York fell in love with him because not only was he a great musician, but his humor brought so much more to the performance(Shipping 26).He then returned to Chicago where he was given a spot in his wifes band as the first chair cornet, his first time in this position(Louis Daniel Armstrong). In his wifes band, he got rid of group improvisation around theme, and incorporated a single instrument playing extended solos in between choruses(Shipping 27). At the same time, he played at the Vendor Theater during silent movies under the direction of Riskier Tate. It was there that Armstrong made the switch to trumpet(Louis Daniel Armstrong). During this time Armstrong made many recordings with other musicians and over sixty recordings with bands of his own.The other musicians and bands he collaborated with to make these recordings included Johnny Odds, Ill Hot Shots, Riskier Tate, and Carroll Dickerson. His own recordings were made with his bands the Hot Five and Hot Seven. He enjoyed these recordings because it gave him the chance to show his independence and talents. He was also able to incorporate singing, he first musical love, into his music in a style called scat singing. These recordings invented a completely new style in Jazz(Louis Daniel Armstrong). As he was finishing up his recordings, Jazz was on the decline in Chicago forcing Armstrong to move back to New York. Tommy Reworded offered him a Job, but this did not end up working. Though, he did not have any trouble finding a Job, and was given a part in Connie Mermans band, the Hot Chocolates, and at the same time worked in a Savoy Ballroom. It was at this time that he began fronting big bands, and he came to 1930, he was given the opportunity to move to California to play at Frank Sebastian New Cotton Club. He took advantage of this opportunity, which was the start of heavy touring schedule that took up the majority of the rest of his life(Louis Daniel Armstrong).In 1932, he began touring internationally, and it was in Plymouth, England, where Percy Matheson Brooks, the editor of the magazine Melody Maker, gave him his nickname Daniel Armstrong). His longest international tour started in London, England in 1933 and lasted eighteen months, ending in January 1935. He was originally scheduled to stay overseas longer but Armstrong cut it short due to homesickness(McCarthy 25-26). He also suffered a split lip from his constant playing and did not play for a little while, which circulated plenty of rumors in Europe about the severity of his illness and one paper even reported that he had died.During his time off, he met up with a man he had met before while playing, Joe Glasses, who he hired as his manager for the rest of his career(Trio). Though, the rumors did not last very long before he was out touring again with Luis Russell orchestra, a well-known band(McCarthy 27). It was believed that in 1937 when Russell added new, more prominent members to his band it motivated Armstrong again to get better and he began to put in the same time and effort as he did in the past(McCarthy 29). He was playing some of his best music that people began to call Russell band Louis Armstrong and orchestra. With Armstrong at the forefront, the group produced some top recordings(Shipping 27-28). From 1937 on, Armstrong began to make recordings for the public as a whole, using dif ferent backgrounds. This really showed his ability as a musician(McCarthy 29). Then in 1943, Esquire magazine held a series of Jazz polls to find the best Jazz musicians in each category. Armstrong won both the award for trumpet and for vocals, and he continued to win these awards throughout his career. Esquire then held a concert in 1944 in New York City to showcase these Jazz greats and Armstrong played a huge role in this performance(McCarthy 30-31).At this point, Armstrong was world famous and made multiple recordings with Ella Fitzgerald, which only helped his popularity(McCarthy 31). He also made a series of recordings with Duke Longtime. (Rutabaga) In 1947, Glasses, Armstrong manager, had the idea to create a band of about six members because the bookings of big bands were decreasing(McCarthy 31). He had some highly renowned musicians in the band with him like Earl Hines on the piano, trombonist Jack Degrade, and clarinetist Barney Bigger. The band lived up to its name when they opened up at Billy Bergs club in Hollywood(Shipping 28).The band traveled the world, where everyone fell in love with Armstrong due to his personality and friendliness. He was a true entertainer and because he spread Jazz worldwide, he was given the nickname the Ambassador of Jazz(Louis Daniel Armstrong). His world tour included performance in Europe in 1949 and 1952, Japan in 1954 and 1956, and South America in 1957 and 1959(McCarthy 32-33). One of Armstrong greatest honors was playing at President Lyndon Johnnys inauguration in 1963, and being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom(McCarthy 36).The following year, 1964, Armstrong set a record for being the oldest person in history, at age 64, to have a hit number one on the charts with Hello Dolly'(Rutabaga). The next year, at the age of 65, Armstrong went on an extensive tour of Europe to celebrate 50 years of perform until only weeks before his death. Armstrong was not only a public figure because of his musical talents, but also his involvement in the community. Everybody loved his personality both on stage and in the everyday world. He was also popular with women, and was married four times.He did not have any children with any of his wives because he did not have the time to raise a child(Trio). His first marriage was with a prostitute from the New Orleans area in 1918. The marriage was full of arguments and music seemed to always be getting in the way so the couple split in 1922(Rutabaga). Then, in 1924, he married Lillian Hardin, the pianist in Olivers Band in Chicago. This marriage lasted longer than the first, but the couple divorced in 1935(Trio). His next wife was Alpha Smith, whom he had met in the sass while performing at the Vendor Theater in Chicago. They were married in 1938 and were soon divorced in 1942.His fourth and final wife was Lucille Wilson. Their marriage lasted unlike the rest of them and they remained together until his death(Louis Daniel Armstrong). Due to his lively personality, Armstrong was cast in many different movies. He appeared in nearly fifty motion pictures between 1932 and 1965. Also, due to the success and fame Armstrong received from his group the All- Stars, he was featured on the cover of Time magazine on February 21, 1949. That same year, Armstrong received an honor that meant a lot to him which was being named King of Zulus for the annual Marci Grass celebration in New Orleans(Trio).Armstrong was also very involved in the fight for racial equality in America. He once cancelled a State Department tour in 1957 in favor of protesting when Governor Rival Faustus of Arkansas refused to let black people attend a public school. He did not understand how they would let him perform as an equal but would not allow the kids to attend school. He was given the nicknames Ambassador of Goodwill and Ambassador of Catch due to his involvement with these issues. Though with all this, Armstrong was still the first black musician to perform with white musicians and remains a role model for both white and black inspiring musicians(Trio).Also, in 1937, Armstrong substituted for Rudy Valve for six weeks as the host of Fleischmann Yeast Show. With this, he became the first African American to host a nationally sponsored radio program. This showed the strides he made in human rights(Cogwheels 23). Armstrong was not the only great Jazz musician that existed, but e had the greatest impact on the music. To start, he had unique rhythmic awareness, which changed big band music for the better. Also, he made the solo what it is today. He extended the instrumental solo to make it the most important element of Jazz.Though, at the same time, he never forgot how important it was to keep his melody. He was the best improviser, and he added feeling and nuances to his playing that made him so likeable to audiences everywhere(Louis Daniel Armstrong). Armstrong was also the inventor of a completely new style of singing called scat singing. Some people claim that he invented it by accident when he roped his sheet of music during a performance and was force to improvise. Though, others say that it was a calculated technique. No matter what it was, it caught on and was one of Armstrongs greatest contributions to Jazz(Louis Daniel Armstrong). Armstrong last few years of life were not the best of his life. First, he got pneumonia in 1967, which kept him away from music for a little while. Then, he Daniel Armstrong). He then suffered a heart attack in 1971 and died a few months later in his home in Corona, Queens, New York, on July 6, 1971(Trio). He was mourned by millions of people as the most popular entertainer in the history of jazz(Shipping 28). It was obvious that Armstrong had an effect on all musicians too Dizzy Gillespie was quoted saying, Every trumpeter in the world had to be influenced by him.He changed the modus operandi of music by inventing the sold'(Shipping 28). He has been cited by many as their primary influence in Jazz, including, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, and Billie Holiday(Cogwheels 28). He was also the only figure in Jazz that was equally significant as a singer as well as an instrumentalist, showing his true versatility as a musician(Cogwheels 28). Despite all his success though, Armstrong was still very humble. Some called him the reluctant millionaire because he valued his health and well being over any material good. The glamorous part of being a famous musician was tough for him.

Electoral College Pros and Cons

Electoral College Pros and Cons The Electoral College system, long a source of controversy, came under especially heavy criticism after the 2016 presidential election when Republican Donald Trump lost the nationwide popular vote to Democrat Hillary Clinton by over 2.8 million votes but won the Electoral College- and thus the presidency- by 74 electoral votes. Electoral College Pros and Cons Pros:Gives the smaller states an equal voice.Prevents disputed outcomes ensuring a peaceful transition of powerReduces the costs of national presidential campaigns.Cons:Can disregard the will of the majority.Gives too few states too much electoral power.Reduces voter participation by creating a â€Å"my vote doesn’t matter† feeling. By its very nature, the Electoral College system is confusing. When you vote for a presidential candidate, you are actually voting for a group of electors from your state who have all â€Å"pledged† to vote for your candidate. Each state is allowed one elector for each of its Representatives and Senators in Congress. There are currently 538 electors, and to be elected, a candidate must get the votes of at least 270 electors. The Obsolescence Debate The Electoral College system was established by Article II of the U.S. Constitution in 1788. The Founding Fathers chose it as a compromise between allowing Congress to choose the president and having the president elected directly by the popular vote of the people. The Founders believed that most common citizens of the day were poorly educated and uninformed on political issues. Consequently, they decided that using the â€Å"proxy† votes of the well-informed electors would lessen the risk of â€Å"tyranny of the majority,† in which the voices of the minority are drowned out by those of the masses. Additionally, the Founders reasoned that the system would prevent states with larger populations from having an unequal influence on the election. Critics, however, argue that Founder’s reasoning is no longer relevant as today’s voters are better-educated and have virtually unlimited access to information and to the candidates’ stances on the issues. In addition, while the Founders considered the electors as being â€Å"free from any sinister bias† in 1788, electors today are selected by the political parties and are usually â€Å"pledged† to vote for the party’s candidate regardless of their own beliefs. Today, opinions on the future of the Electoral College range from protecting it as the basis of American democracy to abolishing it completely as an ineffective and obsolete system that may not accurately reflect the will of the people. What are some of the main advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College? Advantages of the Electoral College   Promotes fair regional representation: The Electoral College gives the small states an equal voice. If the president was elected by the popular vote alone, candidates would mold their platforms to cater to the more populous states. Candidates would have no desire to consider, for example, the needs of farmers in Iowa or commercial fishermen in Maine.Provides a clean-cut outcome: Thanks to the Electoral College, presidential elections usually come to a clear and undisputed end. There is no need for wildly expensive nationwide vote recounts. If a state has significant voting irregularities, that state alone can do a recount. In addition, the fact that a candidate must gain the support of voters in several different geographic regions promotes the national cohesion needed to ensure a peaceful transfer of power.Makes campaigns less costly: Candidates rarely spend much time- or money- campaigning in states that traditionally vote for their party’s candidates. For example, Democrats rarely campaign in liberal-leaning California, just as Republicans tend to skip the more conservative Texas. Abolishing the Electoral College could make America’s many campaign financing problems even worse.  Ã‚   Disadvantages of the Electoral College   Can override the popular vote: In five presidential elections so far- 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016- a candidate lost the nationwide popular vote but was elected president by winning the Electoral College vote. This potential to override the â€Å"will of the majority† is often cited as the main reason to abolish the Electoral College.Gives the swing states too much power: The needs and issues of voters in the 14 swing states- those that have historically voted for both Republican and Democratic presidential candidates- get a higher level of consideration than voters in other states. The candidates rarely visit the predictable non-swing states, like Texas or California. Voters in the non-swing states will see fewer campaign ads and be polled for their opinions less often voters in the swing states. As a result, the swing states, which may not necessarily represent the entire nation, hold too much electoral power.Makes people feel their vote doesn’t matter: Under the Electoral College system, while it counts, not every vote â€Å"matters.† For example, a Democrat’s vote in liberal-leaning California has far less effect on the election’s final outcome that it would in one of the less predictable swing states like Pennsylvania, Florida, and Ohio. The resulting lack of interest in non-swing states contributes to America’s traditionally low voter turnout rate. The Bottom Line Abolishing the Electoral College would require a constitutional amendment, a lengthy and often unsuccessful process. However, there are proposals to â€Å"reform† the Electoral College without abolishing it. One such movement, the National Popular Vote plan would ensure that the winner of the popular vote would also win at least enough Electoral College votes to be elected president. Another movement is attempting to convince states to split their electoral vote based on the percentage of the state’s popular vote for each candidate. Eliminating the winner-take-all requirement of the Electoral College at the state level would lessen the tendency for the swing states to dominate the electoral process. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"From Bullets to Ballots: The Election of 1800 and the First Peaceful Transfer of Political Power.† TeachingAmericanHistory.org.Hamilton, Alexander. â€Å".†The Federalist Papers: No. 68 (The Mode of Electing the President) congress.gov, Mar. 14, 1788Meko, Tim. â€Å".†How Trump won the presidency with razor-thin margins in swing states Washington Post (Nov. 11, 2016).

Welfare Reformation Essays - Public Economics, Medicine, Free Essays

Welfare Reformation Essays - Public Economics, Medicine, Free Essays Welfare Reformation TITLE} This week we offered a plan to end welfare as we know ita plan that will encourage personality and help strengthen our families through tougher child support, more education and training, and an absolute requirement to go to work after a period of time. -Bill Clinton, radio address, 6/18/94 The welfare system is in deep distress. From the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the current reigning of Bill Clinton, many a bills have been brought for to reform it. Originally, Roosevelt established the system as a type of government stripend to financially challenged individuals; however, it was not intended to act as a dependent income for them (Tucker 45). Even though many changes have been made over the past three years, it has not made much of an impact on the problems at hand (Pear). Officials discovered that many welfare recipients misuse the benefits. Studies have shown that the welfare system should begin by providing job placement, ending benefits for illegitimacy, and educating the young. First, the aspect of job placement is directly related to the misuse of welfare. In order to succeed at rising employment rates, current wages have to increase dramatically. A welfare check ranges form $5.53 to $17.50 an hour; in a like manner, minimum wage is less than an hourly welfare check (Tilly 8). People desire the higher money of a welfare check to that of a low-paying job (Tweedie 117; Tanner 18). This dependency on receiving the check causes many problems not just with the current generation, but future generations will also be similarly affected. These children are acquiring the habits of their parent or parents, thus creating a permanent underclass (Tucker 45). Economic incentives for staying on welfare should be abolished. People should no longer be allowed to remain on the system for extended periods of time. In accordance with the lesser incentives, the government should place more emphasis on raising the current hourly wage (Haskins 126). Most importantly, the government needs to portray a working world in which job training is not only the standard, but also the required (Tanner 17). Providing jobs with training not only educates the person, but also supplies him or her with opportunities to acquire a better paying job with a future (Willis 4). This training would not just teach skills, but it would make job development workers move more people into the mainstream (Garr 193). In Wisconsin, Republican legislators have devised a method of reform called W-2 Wisconsin Works. W-2 is a work program that would require all recipients over eighteen to work for cash assistance (Tweedie 117). Many welfare recipients are often stereotyped as lazy; moreover, these recipients need to take charge of their lives (Leavitt 22). They need to realize that they are capable of doing competent work. They have to compete to prosper. Second, illegitimacy needs to be curbed by stopping aid to promiscuous mothers who continue to have out-of-wedlock pregnancies. The establishment of anti-illegitimacy policies is imperative. These policies should propose to stop payment to unwed others (Haskins 126). The government should not reward for illegitimacy. According to Ron Haskins, Trying to help poor children by giving their underage mothers cash will often simply produce more poor children, reformers argued. Wise societies don't reward births outside of marriage in this way (Haskins 126). If a young woman becomes pregnant again, she does not have to make a choice between living at home with her parents or finding a husband. She simply can continue to produce more illegitimate children. This reoccurrence of illegitimacy is exactly one of the reasons that a stopping of incentives is needed (Tucker 45). In a like manner, the most effective way to reduce births is with a family cap. The family cap is a provision that denies greater cash to women who continue to have births while receiving welfare (Donovan 73). It is designed to discourage out-of-wedlock births (Sollom 41). The government needs to include a child exclusion provision like both China and Japan currently have (Donovan 73). Disincentives are required to act as the primary strategy for regulating poor women's reproductive behaviors (Sollom 41). This unorthodox behavior causes much strain on the welfare system, since the state rewards extra money for additional children. Third, the

The Role of Women in Japan and Middle East Research Paper

The Role of Women in Japan and Middle East - Research Paper Example This essay will discuss the impact of globalization on different types of families in different societies and cultures. The terms ‘traditional’, ‘modern’ and ‘postmodern’ will be defined, elaborated upon and discussed on a continuum of change. Social change, in the face of globalization, will be discussed with relation to how cultures and families have grown or resisted the forces of globalization. We now turn to an exploration of the types of families in the world and follow with a concise description of the American family of today. Ranging from ‘traditional’ to ‘postmodern’, there are a variety of family forms in this world. For the theoretical purposes of this essay, a family will be defined as â€Å"two or more people who are in a relationship created by birth, marriage or choice.† (Roopnarine & Gielen 33). There are a multitude of family forms and family types across the globe and the global family is a social unit in a constant state of evolution. The ‘traditional’ family is a heterosexual, nuclear family headed by two parents in which the husband is the primary breadwinner and the wife is the homemaker. On the far left side of the continuum of change, the traditional nuclear family model is widespread across the globe and represents a traditional gendered division of labour, both within the house as well as outside of the home. In the Western world, the traditional model is becoming less and less viable as many families require the incomes of both parents. Wom en’s increased education and employment prospects have made the transition from the traditional model to the modern familial model more and more prevalent in modern Western society (Bossen 128-133; Roopnarine & Gielen 32-34). As with the traditional family, the ‘modern family’ is nuclear in the sense that it involves the cohabitation of two heterosexual partners but differs in that it involves dual

Maritime Transportation Security Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maritime Transportation Security Act - Essay Example While the attacks focused attention on our aviation system's vulnerability, it became obvious that our maritime domain needed greater attention. Besides being gateways through which dangerous materials could enter, ports are attractive targets because they are often large and sprawling, accessible by water and land, close to crowded centers, and interwoven with highways, roads, factories, and businesses (Flynn, 2004). Security is made difficult by the number of stakeholders involved in port operations, which include local, state, and federal agencies; multiple law enforcement jurisdictions; transportation and trade companies; factories and other businesses. The MTSA imposed an ambitious schedule of requirements on federal agencies and called for a comprehensive framework that included planning, personnel security, and careful monitoring of vessels, facilities, and cargo. Table 1 contains the MTSA's key security-related activities. However, "Haste makes waste", and the urgent nature of the legislative and implementation efforts of the MTSA 2002 proved this to be true (Bouchard, 2005; Ervin, 2006; Haveman et al., 2007). The MTSA 2002, through the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), gave the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) lead responsibility for most of its requirements. Timetables for implementing the provisions were tight, and adding difficulty was the need to implement MTSA after the most extensive federal reorganization after the Second World War. Most of the 22 agencies with MTSA responsibilities were reorganized into the DHS in March 2003, less than 5 months after enactment. Some departments such as the Transportation Security Agency (TSA) were new, while others such as the USCG, Customs Service, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service were transferred from various executive departments. This recombination of organizational cultures and the need to coordinate with other agencies such as the State, Transportation, and Justice Departments introduced complex chains of command and reporting responsibilities (MTSA,2002; DHS, 2005; USCG, 2007). The deadline for implementing MTSA of July 1, 2004 was tight. Unlike other areas of critical infrastructure security where the government was unwilling to set clear mandates for the private sector and push for meaningful change, the MTSA was a catalyst for action. Unfortunately, in the face of unrealistic deadlines and disjointed implementation milestones, good intentions were not necessarily translated into greater security at the pier. And to add insult to injury, the USCG not only proved incapable of managing the projects designed to improve its capability but became open to graft and corruption and overspending (Economist 2007, p. 36). The priorities

Research has been done to determine Essay Example for Free

Research has been done to determine Essay A lot of research has been done to determine whether short-term memory works better in the morning or afternoon. In a study, 16-18-year-olds (sixth form students of Battersea park school) were administered to take part in a word test to assess their short-term memory. Results of this were analyzed. Null Hypothesis: learning in the morning is more effective Alternative hypothesis: learning in the afternoon is more effective. Introduction To learn new things, to store experiences and to adapt to new circumstances these characteristics of the brain enable us the daily survival . This special flexibility of the brain is reached through constant making and breaking contact between nerve cells. Whenever we learn something, the connections between nerve cells, (synapses) change. At this point, the Axon of a nerve cell and the Dendrite of the neighbouring cell meet. The centre for brain research of the medical University of Vienna is currently involved in two researches that contribute to the clarification of the processes in memory. They had tested the article (of researchers at the Harvard Medical School), which is called a key experiment. It was found that a Micro RNA and the accompanying messenger RNA exist at the contact point of synapses. What are Micro- and messenger RNA? It is a different form of the Ribonucleic acid. As a messenger RNA (mRNA), one is already more familiar with for a long time: It functions as a messenger, transports a message of the DNA often, but not always from a gene out of the cell nucleus into the cytoplasm. There the message is translated often, but not always into a protein. One knows micro RNAs for the least in time: They consist only of 21 bases respectively, and they are not translated into proteins. They rather check an mRNA in that they cause or prevent that the mRNA is translated into a protein. So they are regulators. For example just at a synapse, as long as there a micro RNA on a certain mRNA, it is not translated into a protein. If the micro RNA falls away, the protein emerges and the synapse changes its form and also the signal forwarding. In other words we can say that the nerve cell learned something. In the journal of Cell Biology (172, p. 221) Kiebler describes a second factor that is necessary, with a synapse function: Staufen 2: That is a protein that is responsible for the carrying of mRNA along the cell skeleton to the synapse. It brings RNAs to where they are needed. Neurons which are missing the protein Staufen2 have less synapses, and the signal transmission between them is disturbed. An important notice on that, is that Staufen 2 for the education of functioning Synapses is crucial, says Kiebler ( researcher). If what we have learned is forgotten, long-term connections become out of contact of the connection points. German Neurobiologist worked on the correlation between the outgrowing of the connections of cells, the so-called thorns and the building of functioning synapses. In order to be able to follow the outgrowing of thorns, the cells in the near surrounding area of the stimuli were observed using a high resolution two-Photon-microscope. An electron microscope was used in order to review whether the variations in the nerve cells actually led to the origin of new synapses. Within few minutes after the current impulse, the encouraged nerve cells opened the gate to a new discovery. These thin thorns do not grow spontaneously (as they thought), but rather grow towards possible contact partners. Within the first eight hours no piece of information can be exchanged between the newly emerged cell contacts. Not until the following hours it is decides whether a connection remains exist or disappears. For sure, those contacts, that are still available after 24 hours, have fully functioning synapses which can transfer information and have a good chance to exist after several days. Then the reconstruction in the brain is locked evidently. Which parts of the brain remember which type of memory?

The Cola Wars: Pepsi vs Coke Essay -- Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola

The Cola Wars: Pepsi vs Coke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PepsiCo. Incorporated and The Coca-Cola Company are the two largest and oldest archrivals in the carbonated soft drink (CSD) industry. Coca-Cola was invented and first marketed in 1886, followed by Pepsi Cola in 1898. Coca-Cola was named after the coca leaves and kola nuts John Pemberton used to make it, and Pepsi Cola after the beneficial effects its creator, Caleb Bradham, claimed it had on dyspepsia. The rivalry between the soda giants, also known as the "Cola Wars", began in the 1960’s when Coca-Cola's dominance was being increasingly challenged by Pepsi Cola. The competitive environment between the rivals was intense and well-publicized, forcing both companies to continuously establish and implement strategic variations as a means to create a competitive advantage. The competition fostered and stimulated continuing growth in an industry which many predicted in the early 1970’s to be on the verge of maturity. Reasons for the prediction arose from the fact that further growth of per capita consumption of soft drinks is fairly static regarding how much people are able to consume on a daily basis. Furthermore, both Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola offered a limited number of products that "looked the same, tasted the same, and bubble into foam the same", thus questioning whether further substantial growth in sales was possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola’s marketing strategies have been as indistinguishable as the products themselves. Relying on colorful images, lively words, beautiful people, interesting bottle designs, and contagious jingles, Pepsi and Coke propelled their respective products into the American and international mainstream. The changing faces of Pepsi and Coke’s management, however, facilitated the brand image according to their own style and what they saw as an advantageous competitive approach. This style and approach is what makes Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola distinguishable. The objective of Coca-Cola’s advertisements was to strategically position their product in people’s mind in order to maximize its acceptance. This strategy would in some way or another have a correlation to the changing social values of the period. â€Å"Trying to keep step with each generation and era has been an important factor in advertising for Coke. It strives not to be too far behind or too far ahead of its time; the product has ... ... strategies in order to increase their sales growth. The rivalry between the two soda giants required new strategies to be continuously implemented. The new strategies devised by Pepsi and Coke to deal with the changing environment could not have been effectively implemented without changing their distribution system from networks of independent bottlers to company-owned bottling systems. This transformation has been essential to both companies' introduction of new products and new forms of pricing, promotion, and advertising. The U.S. Department of Justice has brought many price-fixing cases against CSD bottlers, the vast majority of which led to guilty pleas. The FTC has conducted many investigations in the CSD industry, including investigations of horizontal and vertical acquisitions in the industry. Sources Cited 1. Enrico, Roger & Kornbluth, Jesse: (1986).The Other Guy Blinked. New York: The Free Press. 2. "Coke v Pepsi", The Economist, January 29, 1994, pp. 67-68. 3. http://www.pepsi.com 4. http://www.coca-cola/home1.com 5. PepsiCo. Inc. Annual Report Issued to Common Stock Shareholders 6. The Coca-Cola Company Annual Report Issued to Common Stock Shareholders

Jewish American Literature Essay

Jewish American Literature holds an essential place in the literary history of the United States. It encompasses traditions of writing in English, primarily, as well as in other languages, the most important of which has been Yiddish. While critics and authors generally acknowledge the notion of a distinctive corpus and practice of writing about Jewishness in America, many writers resist being pigeonholed as ‘Jewish voices’. Also, many nominally Jewish writers cannot be considered representative of Jewish American literature, one example being Isaac Asimov. Beginning with the memoirs and petitions composed by the Sephardic immigrants who arrived in America during the mid 17th century, Jewish American writing grew over the subsequent centuries to flourish in other genres as well, including fiction, poetry, and drama. The first notable voice in Jewish- American literature was Emma Lazarus whose poem ‘The New Colossus’ on the Statue of Liberty became the great hymnal of American immigration. Gertrude Stein became one of the most influential prose-stylists of the early 20th century. The early twentieth century saw the appearance of two pioneering American Jewish novels: Abraham Cahan’s ‘The Rise of David Levinsky’ and Henry Roth’s ‘Call it Sleep’. It reached some of its most mature expression in the 20th century ‘Jewish American novels’ by Saul Bellow, J. D. Salinger, Norman Mailer, Bernard Malamud, Chaim Potok, and Philip Roth. Their work explored the conflicting pulls between secular society and Jewish tradition which were acutely felt by the immigrants who passed through Ellis Island and by their children and grandchildren. More recent authors like Nicole Krauss, Paul Auster, Michael Chabon, Jonathan Safran Foer andArt Spiegelman have continued to examine dilemmas of identity in their work, turning their attention especially to the Holocaust and the trends of both ongoing assimilation and cultural rediscovery exhibited by younger generations of American Jews. Arguably the most influential of all American- Jewish novels was Leon Uris’ ‘Exodus’. Its story of the struggle to create the modern state of Israel translated into Russian became the inspiration for hundreds of thousands of Russian immigrants to Israel. Modern Jewish American novels often contain (a few or many) Jewish characters and address issues and themes of importance to Jewish American society such as assimilation, Zionism/Israel, and Anti-Semitism, along with the recent phenomenon known as â€Å"New Anti-Semitism. † Two Jewish- American writers have won the Nobel Prize, Isaac Bashevis Singer and Saul Bellow. Bernard Malamud is considered one of the most prominent figures in Jewish –American literature. BERNARD MALAMUD ( 1914-1986). Malamud’s stories and novels, in which reality and fantasy are frequently interfaced have been compared to parables, myths and analogies and often illustrate the importance of moral obligation. Although he draws upon his Jewish heritage to address the themes of sins, suffering, and redemption, Malamud emphasizes human contact and compassion over orthodox religious dogma. Malamud’s characters, while often awkward and isolated from society, evoke both pity and humor through their attempts at survival and salvation. Sheldon J. Hershinow observed: â€Å"Out of the everyday defeats and indignities of ordinary people, Malamud creates beautiful parables that capture the joy as well as the pain of life; he expresses the dignity of the human spirit searching for freedom and moral growth in the face for hardship, injustice, and the existential anguish of life. BIOGRAPHY Malamud was born on April 28, 1914, in Brooklyn, New York, to Russian Jewish immigrants. His parents, whom he described as â€Å"gentle, honest, kindly people,† were not highly educated and knew very little about literature of the arts: â€Å"There were no books in the house, no records, music, pictures on the wall. † Malamud attended high school in Brooklyn and received his bachelor’s degree from the City College of New York in 1936. After graduation, he worked in a factory and as a clerk at the central bureau in Washington, D. C. Although he wrote in his spare time, Malamud did not begin writing seriously until the advent of the Second World War and the subsequent horrors of the Holocausts. He questioned his religious identity and started reading about Jewish tradition and history . He explained: â€Å"I was concerned with what Jews stood for, with their getting down to the bare  bones of things. I was concerned with their ethnically –how Jews felt for they had to live order to go on living. † In 1949, he began teaching at Oregan State University; he left this post in 1961 to teach creative writing at Bennington College in Vermont. He remained there until shortly before his death in 1986. Starting in 1949, Malamud taught four sections of freshman composition each semester at Oregon State University (OSU), an experience fictionalized in his 1961 novel ‘A New Life’. Because he lacked the Ph. D., he was not allowed to teach literature courses, and for a number of years his rank was that of instructor. In those days, OSU, a land grant university, placed little emphasis on the teaching of humanities or the writing of fiction. While at OSU, he devoted 3 days out of every week to his writing, and gradually emerged as a major American author. In 1961, he left OSU to teach creative writing at Bennington College, a position he held until retirement. In 1967, he was made a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1942, Malamud met Ann De Chiara (November 1, 1917 – March 20, 2007), an Italian-American Roman Catholic, and a 1939 Cornell University graduate. They married on November 6, 1945, despite the opposition of their respective parents. Ann typed his manuscripts and reviewed his writing. Ann and Bernard had two children, Paul (b. 1947) and Janna (b. 1952). Janna Malamud Smith is the author of a memoir about her father, titled My Father is a Book. Malamud died in Manhattan in 1986, at the age of 71. WORKS OF MALAMUD Malamud’s first novel, ‘The Natural’ (1952 ) ,is considered one of his most symbolic works . While the novel ostensibly traces the life of Roy Hobbs, an American baseball player , the work has underlying mythic elements and explores such themes as initiation and isolation. For instance, some reviewers cited evidence of the Arthurian legend of the Holy Grail; others applied T. S. Eliot’s ‘wasteland’ myth in their analyses ‘The Natural’ also foreshadows what would become Malamud’s predominant narrative focus: a suffering protagonist struggling to reconcile moral dilemmas, to act according to what is right, and to accept the complexities and hardships of existence. Malamud‘s second novel, ‘The Assistant’ (1957), portrays the life of Morris Bober, a Jewish immigrant who owns a grocery store in Brooklyn. Although he is struggling to survive financially, Bober hires a cynical anti-semitic youth, Frank Aloine after learning that the man is homeless and on the verge of starvation. Through this contact Frank learns to find grace and dignity in his own identity. Described as naturalistic fable, this novel affirms the redemptive value of maintaining faith in the goodness of the human soul. Malamud’s first collection of short stories, ‘The Magic Barrel’, (1958) was awarded the National Book award in 1959. Like ‘The Assistant’, most of the stories in this collection depict the search for hope and meaning within the grim entrapment of poor urban settings and were influenced by Yiddish folktales and Hasidic traditions. Many of Malamud’s best known short stories, including ‘The Last Mohican’, ‘Angel Levine’, and ‘Idiots First’, were republished in ‘The Stories of Bernard Malamud’ in 1983. ‘A New Life’ (1961), considered one of Malamud’s most true-to-life novels, is based in part on Malamud’s teaching career at Oregon State University. This work focuses on an ex-alcoholic Jew from New York City who becomes a professor at a college in the Pacific Northwest. It examines the main character’s search for self-respect, while poking fun at life at a learning institution. Malamud’s next novel, ‘The Fixer’ (1966), is one of his most powerful works. The winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, this book is based on the historical account of Mendel Beiliss, a Russian Jew who was accused of murdering a Christian child. With ‘The Tenants’ (1971), Malamud returns to a New York City setting in a contrast between two writers—one Jewish and the other African American—struggling to survive in an urban ghetto. Malamud further addresses the nature of literature and the role of the artist in ‘Dublin’s Lives’ (1979). In this work, the protagonist, William Dublin, attempts to create a sense of worth for himself, both as a man and as a writer. Malamud’s last finished novel, ‘God’s Grace’ (1982), studies both the original Holocaust and a new, imagined Holocaust of the future. The novel is a wild, at times brilliant, at times confusing, description of a flood similar to that in the Bible story of Noah’s ark. Malamud continued to place stories in top American magazines. Mervyn Rothstein reported in the New York Times that Malamud said at the end of his life, â€Å"With me, its story, story, story. † In Malamud’s next-to-last collection, ‘Rembrandt’s Hat’, only one story, ‘The Silver Crown’, deals with Jewish themes. Malamud is also renowned for his short stories, often oblique allegories set in a dreamlike urban ghetto of immigrant Jews. Of Malamud the short story writer, Flannery O’Connor wrote: â€Å"I have discovered a short-story writer who is better than any of them, including myself. † He published his first stories in 1943, ‘Benefit Performance’ in Threshold and ‘The Place Is Different Now’ in American Preface. In the early 1950s, his stories began appearing in Harper’s Bazaar, Partisan Review, and Commentary. ‘The Magic Barrel’ was his first published collection of short stories (1958) and his first winner of his first National Book Award for Fiction. Most of the stories depict the search for hope and meaning within the bleak enclosures of poor urban settings. The title story focuses on the unlikely relationship of Leo Finkle, an unmarried rabbinical student, and Pinye Salzman, a colorful marriage broker. Finkle has spent most of life with his nose buried in books and therefore isn’t well-educated in life itself. However, Finkle has a greater interest – the art of romance. He engages the services of Salzman, who shows Finkle a number of potential brides from his â€Å"magic barrel† but with each picture Finkle grows more uninterested. After Salzman convinces him to meet Lily Hirschorn, Finkle realizes his life is truly empty and lacking the passion to love God or humanity. When Finkle discovers a picture of Salzman’s daughter and sees her suffering, he sets out on a new mission to save her. Other well-known stories included in the collection are: ‘The Last Mohican’, ‘Angel Levine’, ‘Idiots First’, and ‘The Mourners’. This last story focuses on Kessler, the defiant old man in need of â€Å"social security† and Gruber, the belligerent landlord who doesn’t want Kessler in the tenement anymore. Malamud’s fiction touches lightly upon mythic elements and explores themes like isolation, class, and the conflict between bourgeois and artistic values. His prose, like his settings, is an artful pastiche of Yiddish-English locutions, punctuated by sudden lyricism. Writing in the second half of the twentieth century, Malamud was well aware of the social problems of his day: rootlessness, infidelity, abuse, divorce, and more. But he also depicted love as redemptive and sacrifice as uplifting. In his writings, success often depends on cooperation between antagonists. For example, in The Mourners landlord and tenant learn from each other’s anguish. In ‘The Magic Barrel’, the matchmaker worries about his â€Å"fallen† daughter, while the daughter and the rabbinic student are drawn together by their need for love and salvation. Malamud’s third story ‘Rembrandt’s Hat’ collection is noteworthy for its consistently pessimistic tone and theme of failed communication in stories such as ‘My Son the Murderer’, ‘The Silver Crown’, and ‘The Letter’. ‘The volume The People’, and ‘Uncollected Stories’ contains an unfinished novel about a Russian Jewish peddler in the American West who becomes a marshal and is kidnapped by Indians. It also includes fourteen stories written between 1943 and 1985. LIST OF OTHER NOTABLE JEWISH AMERICAN WRITERS †¢ Aimee Bender — novelist and short story writer, known for her often fantastic and surreal plots and characters †¢ Saul Bellow, novelist that won the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts †¢ Bernard Cooper, novelist, short story writer †¢ E. L. Doctorow, novelist †¢ Richard Ellmann, literary critic, won National Book Award for Nonfiction †¢ Barthold Fles, literary agent and non-fiction writer †¢ Emma Goldman, anarchist writer †¢ Joseph Heller, author of Catch-22 †¢ Christopher Hitchens, literary critic and political activist †¢ Irving Howe, literary critic †¢ Roger Kahn. â€Å"The Boys of Summer† 1972 †¢ Jerzy Kosinski, author of The Painted Bird †¢ Emma Lazarus, poet and novelist †¢ Fran Lebowitz, author, known for her sardonic social commentary on American life through her New York sensibilities †¢ Seymour Martin Lipset, political sociologist. †¢ Reggie Nadelson, novelist known particularly for her mystery works †¢ Mark Obama Ndesandjo, author, half-brother of President Barack Obama †¢ Cynthia Ozick, short story writer, novelist, and essayist †¢ Jodi Picoult, novelist †¢ Ayn Rand, novelist and founder of Objectivism †¢ Lea Bayers Rapp, non-fiction and children’s fiction writer †¢ Philip Roth, known for autobiographical fiction that explored Jewish and American identity. †¢ Norman Rosten, novelist †¢ J. D. Salinger, author of The Catcher in the Rye †¢ Gary Shteyngart (born 1972) Russian-born writer †¢ Isaac Bashevis Singer, leading figure in Yiddish literature, won Nobel Prize †¢ George Steiner (born 1929) literary critic †¢ Daniel Stern, novelist] †¢ Leopold Tyrmand, writer †¢ Judith Viorst (born 1932) author, known for her children’s literature †¢ Elie Wiesel, Holocaust survivor and author of 57 books CONCLUSION The situation and the position of the Jewish-American writer have always been different from that of the other ethnicities in America and still remain so until today. One difference is highlighted by a comparison with the African-American writers. The â€Å"marginal† position of black authors has disappeared on the book market in the United States, but the themes of alienation and anger will not vanish as readily from their works. Instead of integration into the Literary and artistic mainstream, black writers and artists wanted, especially since the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s, to arrive at their â€Å"own† forms of literary expression which would have direct relevance for their lives. They wished to answer the question of their relationship to white mainstream culture by implementing a multicultural strategy: their literature is not that of assimilation, but in many ways that of establishing difference, separatism, and cultural resistance. While with the African-American writers there is no sense of the success or even desirability of social and cultural integration into the predominantly white mainstream of American society, many Jewish-American authors felt it as necessary and desirable, and as a result even managed to acquire it. Indeed, a great number of contemporary Jewish-American writers such as Norman Mailer, Saul Bellow, Joseph Heller, Bernard Malamud, Arthur Miller, Philip Roth and others have had literary success. The language employed by these writers is standard American English, they are socially accepted, and their works are read by a wide Jewish and non-Jewish audience. For this reason it is widely considered that their texts form part of a recognized literary canon, and belong to the American literary â€Å"center† or â€Å"mainstream,† as far as this may still be defined today. As much as we agreed to this idea we cannot ignore several facts which underline the necessity to view Jewish American literary productions as shaped by strong ethnic forces, and Jewish American literature as both belonging to and standing out in the multicultural American landscape. BIBLOGRAPHY Books Sanford, Sternlicht Masterpieces of Jewish American Literature Cristina, Nilsson Jewish American Literature: Bernard Malamud, Philip Roth and Cynthia Ozick Websites http://en. wikipedia. org http://www. swiftpapers. com http:// Top of Form.

Nursing and American Nurses Association Essay

Describe the definition of nursing as put forward by the American Nurses Association. How does it address the metaparadigm theories of nursing? According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), the definition of nursing is â€Å"the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.† Metaparadigm theories of nursing consists of theories that describe the four interrelated concepts, which are persons, environment, health and illness, and nursing. Persons are the recipients of nursing care and include individuals, families, and communities. Environment refers to the surroundings of the client, internal factors affecting the client, and the setting where nursing care is delivered. Health and illness describe the client’s state of well-being. Nursing refers to the actions taken when providing care to a patient. ANA’s definition of nursing has included three of the four concepts that make up the metaparadigm theories of nursing. Its definition strongly emphasizes the concept of nursing. It listed many functions that nurses perform such as: protecting, promoting, optimization of health and physical abilities, preventing illness and injury, alleviating suffering, and advocating for patients (ANA website, n.d.). All these nursing actions are related to the care of health and illness, which is the second concept of the metapardigm theories of nursing. The ANA’s definition of nursing describes in more detail the concept of health and illness in terms of health, abilities, illness, and injury. These physical conditions affect the state of well-being and may lead to one’s own suffering and negative responses (ANA website n.d.). Persons is the third concept. According to the ANA definition of nursing, persons include: individuals, families, communities, and populations that receive nursing care. The fourth concept is environment. It is directly related to the other three concepts mentioned above. The environment is the surroundings or the settings in which nursing care is delivered and includes the in the hospital, home, theater, etc†¦

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The name of the rose essays In the file The name of the Rose, the monks who run the Benedictine Order Abbey recognize that knowledge can be a very dangerous thing. Knowledge can be dangerous if it says that the truth is different from what the ruling authority says is the truth. Then such knowledge can become part of a revolution in thinking that destroys what people as the truth and a revolution that destroys the power of the ruling authority had accepted. It is this conflict between two different types of knowledge and two different ways of thinking that is at the center of the book mystery in the film. It is the conflict between the knowledge, the truth, and the ideas that are contained in an ancient book written by the old Greek philosopher Aristotle that has just been found by the Benedictine monks and the knowledge, the truth, and the ideas of the Christian Church that the Benedictine monks support. As Brother William (Sean Connery), the monk who has come to investigate the deaths at the Abbey, says, such book are seen as dangerous by the ruling Church authorities, because they contain a wisdom that is different from ours. The medieval Christian Church recognized how much power a book could have because Europe was defined by Christianity, a religion based on a book, the Bible. It was thanks to the Church that the practice of reading and writing survived in medieval Europe. From its beginnings, monasticism emphasized the importance of the collection, transcription and study of books, including trying to combine the Greek and Latin Classical tradition with Christian teachings. This is why in The Name of the rose, the scriptorium, the place in which old Greeks books are hand copied, has such as important place in the monastery. The scriptorium is huge, monks workday and night copying the old books, and the library in which the books are held contain many floors. When Brother William discovers the librar...

Cultivating Editor Relationships Bears Multi-Assignment Fruit

Cultivating Editor Relationships Bears Multi-Assignment Fruit Last week I sent a two-sentence query to the travel editor at the San Jose Mercury News about visiting specific spots in Southern California- would she be interested in an article? Her answer: â€Å"Sure. Sounds fun!† It can’t be that easy, right? Yes, it was- but only because I’d written many travel pieces for this editor over a number of years. Better yet, because my writing style and process clicked well with her needs, she’d actually created a loose category of articles (called â€Å"Trail Mix†) for me to conceive and write, of which the above was one. There will be many mixings of trails to come. Keeping in this vein, I once wrote a magazine piece about my girlfriend buying an old Airstream trailer sight unseen on eBay. The editor of a new Airstream magazine read it and contacted me about writing an article for his magazine. Yesterday I turned in what might be my 40th (if not more) article for the magazine. Don’t get me wrong: I’ve sent hundreds, perhaps thousands, of pitches that have died an un-replied death, and hundreds more that got me the one-sentence â€Å"not for us† reply. But occasionally, writers can connect with editors so that mutual trust, confidence, and suggested future work define the relationship. And don’t forget another component: getting paid regularly. Sure, Craft clear pitches: Be specific about an article’s scope and details. Include a suggested headline. Put in a succinct

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New ventures and entrepreneurship - Essay Example Formulating a vision is, indeed, a business challenge because sometimes entrepreneurs should transform themselves into magicians. Majority of people are receptive to the current entrepreneurial approaches, but it is an entrepreneur’s responsibility to visualise and predict the future. An entrepreneur should always remain a couple of steps ahead of development to avoid becoming irrelevant (Birley & Muzyka, 2000:45). It is also the responsibility of an entrepreneur to fit futuristic plans and ideas into the present, and to create solutions for others’ problems. Most innovative, entrepreneurial ventures in the last four decades were envisioned long before they became realities. For example, for Apple CEO Steve Jobs wanted every to have a PC while Bill Gates wanted to develop user-friendly software for personal computers. These visions allowed Gates to become the richest individual in the world while Jobs became the most recognisable business personality of the 21st century .Sourcing CapitalHaving developed a sound business proposal, the next challenge involves raising capital in order to support the creation of the new venture. Only entrepreneurs have an excellent understanding of business ideas. Attempting to rope investors into ideas that are only good on paper is a very big challenge for all entrepreneurs. Attempting to convince them that they are capable of actualising the idea and being trustworthy is extremely challenging, especially in new ventures (Chandra, 2013:34).

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Strategic Alliance between two companies - Essay Example Consequently, the company sets up a strategic alliance with the latter that already has an established distribution network in the desired country of trade. This is a beneficial arrangement for both as the former company is able to expand its distribution network and the latter can improvise its existing product lines (Papageorgiou, Rotstein and Shah, 2001). The benefits that a company derives from a strategic alliance are the ability to hedge against uncertain and unprofitable situations, tap the potential of a new market, increase the knowledge base and obtain access to exclusive and critical information, which in turn strengthens its competitive position in the international market. A company is able to minimise on the transaction and distribution costs by way of engaging in strategic alliance. A strategic alliance also enables a company to be prompt and effective in pursuing an opportunity and to obtain resources that are absent. A company stabilises its resource base by leveragi ng the knowledge and resource base of the other. As a result, the company is able to gain easier access in the new markets and face lesser barriers to entry during an expansion plan. Strategic alliances, however, has to be formed in a very careful manner as these often fall through owing to mistrust between the two partners, especially when a large amount of competitive or exclusive information is involved. The benefits that a company derives from a strategic alliance are the ability to hedge against uncertain and unprofitable situations.

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Global Leader in Foreign Direct Investments Essay Example for Free

Global Leader in Foreign Direct Investments Essay This dissertation focused on the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) of India relative to China, together with its competitive advantages and the underlying factors which set them apart. In addition, strategies in which India can further strengthen its competitive advantage were elaborated together with the best approaches to keep at par or surpass China in terms of its FDI dominance. This chapter presented the background of the research problem, the research questions that the dissertation aimed to answer, significance of the study, the dissertations adopted research design and methodology, together in which how the sections in this dissertation were organized. 1. 1 Background of the Problem The surge of foreign direct investments in Asian countries is primarily determined by the privatization and at the same time the globalization of production. The degree of political stability, government policies, together with trade and investment regimes allowed host countries to be very open in terms of FDI investments. Due to the liberalization of the developing countries economies, the Global Development Finance of the World Bank in 1999 claimed that FDI flows to developing countries have increased more than six times (Chakraborty and Basu, 2002). Foreign direct investments have bloomed for both China and India by more than 1,500 percent between 1990 and in the recent years, and both countries have growing domestic considerable consumer markets, both economies are starting to produce higher value products and develop networks to maintain competitive advantages beyond mere cost (Laudiciana and White, 2005). Both India and China share the same level of competitiveness in terms of FDI attractiveness among multinational companies. However, it could be noted that India or China being a more favorable destination for FDIs should be closely taken into consideration. It could be noted that there are business ventures that are proven to be more profitable exclusively in only one of the countries even though the aforementioned offers the same services. On another perspective, specific business ventures could experience a relatively highly specialized output given for instance that such would be deployed in the right geographic location (Laudiciana and White, 2005). It could be noted that India has undergone remarkable international integration and development over the past few years. Since 1991, after the external payment crisis in India, there has been liberalization of various policies implemented by the government. In turn, the current investment climate has attracted many foreign investors in the country in various sectors. As such it is with this respect that competitive advantages possessed both by India with China, could be noted as it plays a vital role in terms of the success and eventually business profitability. On the other hand, it could be traced back that China started its state-led modernization reform in the late 1970s after many years of operating according to the Soviet model. Contrasting this to India, the aforementioned’s main reform started after 1991 after which relied largely on the private sector. China’s FDI mainly consists of capital intensive flows whereas India’s FDI is mainly skill intensive (Laudiciana and White, 2005). The impact of such investment has on the domestic economy and the experience of the multinationals with the overall business environment in the sub continent is very vital. Thus it becomes necessary to study the impact of such inflows as it has important policy implications. 1. 2 Research Questions The dissertation aims to answer the following questions: 1. What are the factors that differentiate India’s and China’s FDI performances that influence the inflows and stocks of the aforementioned? 2. What are the effects of FDI inflows and stocks to the economy of India? 3. How will India develop a competitive advantage in terms of its FDI and take over China as a leader in FDI in the future?