A Comparison of Telling in Knight’s Tale and Miller’s Tale of Chaucers

The Importance of  Telling in Knight’s Tale and Miller’s Tale   In the Canterbury Tales, the Knight starts the story telling. In spite of the fact that straws were picked, and the request left to aventure, or cas, Harry Bailey appears to have pushed destiny. The Knight speaks to the most elevated rank in the social chain of command of the fourteenth century, the individuals who rule, the individuals who implore, and the individuals who work. Accepting that the common knight would tell the most engaging and justifiable story (that would abbreviate their journey to St. Thomas Becket), Harry advises the Knight to start. The Knight's story of adoration, steadfastness, and fight is set in the chivalric sentiment classification. The elegant sentiment concerns the legendary realm of Theseus, well off rulers, and agnostic (legendary) divine beings. All through the story, the Knight and different characters allude to the idea of the wheel of fortune. In the start of the story, sobbing, broken ladies argue to Theseus to assist them with avenging their spouses. Albeit ruined, they disclose to Theseus that they were all at one point rich and of high position. Despite the fact that Theseus is celebrated and incredible now, the goddess will turn the wheel of fortune and he will one day be low. The idea of predetermination and the wheel of fortune speaks to the Knight's acknowledgment of a boundless world. His consideration of the legendary divine beings, Mars, Venus, Mercury, and Diana facilitates this thought. Emily, Arcite, and Palamon each go to a diety, requesting help and their out of reach wish. At long last, father Saturn proclaims Arcite's demise. In this manner, confusing human feelings and silly catastrophe are securely removed; they are ascribed to the desire of the agnostic divine beings. So also the adoration triangle between Arcite, Palamon, and Emily pushes tha... ...night, the Miller's characters are not good or respectable; they just need to delight themselves. While the Knight's story closes with a decent demise and a joining between darlings, the Miller's story closes with mortification: the cuckholded spouse is marked crazy, Absolom endured and trick, and Nicolas an agonizing consume. Thus the Miller taunts the Knight's supplication. He wishes the organization well, yet the substance of his story communicates his giggling. In a manner he took care of the Knight's story. The Miller advises his story quickly to interest and humiliate (the Reeve and his own appearance), while the Knight recounts to a story solid on sentence or significance. The two distinct thought processes uncover the key contrasts between the two men: the honorable Knight can at present have faith in a higher wonderful world, while the Miller can't acknowledge it at any point existed.    

Reservation System free essay sample

Present day GDSes regularly permit clients to bookâ hotelâ rooms andâ rental carsâ as well as aircraft tickets. They additionally give access to railroad reservations in certain business sectors in spite of the fact that these are not generally coordinated with the primary framework. Roots In 1946, American Airlinesâ installed the main robotized booking framework, the experimental electromechanical Reservisor. A more up to date machine with impermanent capacity dependent on aâ magnetic drum, the Magnetronic Reservisor, before long followed. This framework demonstrated effective, and was before long being utilized by a few carriers, also as Sheraton Hotels and Goodyear for inventory control. It was genuinely hampered by the requirement for neighborhood human administrators to do the real queries; ticketing specialists would need to call a booking office, whose administrators would coordinate a little group working the Reservisor and afterward read the outcomes via phone. There was no chance to get for specialists to straightforwardly question the framework Remote access In 1953, Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA) began researching a PC based framework with remoteâ terminals, testing one structure on theUniversity of Torontos Manchester Mark 1â machine that mid year. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reservation System or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Despite the fact that fruitful, the specialists found that information and yield was a significant issue. Ferranti Canadaâ became associated with the venture and proposed another framework usingâ punched cardsâ and aâ transistorizedcomputer instead of the unreliableâ tube-based Mark I. The subsequent system, ReserVec, began activity in 1962, and assumed control over all reserving tasks in January 1963. Terminals were set in all of TCAs ticketing workplaces, permitting all questions and appointments to finish in around one second with no remote administrators required. In 1953, American Airlines CEO C. R. Smithâ chanced to sit close to R. Blair Smith, a senior IBM sales agent, on a departure from Los Angeles to New York. C. R. welcomed Blair to visit their Reservisor framework and search for ways that IBM could improve the framework. Blair alertedThomas Watson Jr. cap American was keen on a significant joint effort, and a progression of low-level investigations began. Their concept of an automated Airline Reservation System (ARS) brought about a 1959 endeavor known as the Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment(SABRE), propelled the next year. [2] By the time the system was finished in December 1964, it was the biggest civilâ data processingsystem on the planet. Different carriers before long settled their own frameworks. Delta Air Linesâ launched the Delta Automated Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968. Joined Airlines and Trans World Airlinesâ followed in 1971 with the Apollo Reservation System and Programmed Airline Reservation System(PARS), individually. Before long, trip specialists started pushing for a framework that could robotize their side of the procedure by getting to the different ARSes legitimately to reserve a spot. Dreadful this would put a lot of intensity in the hands of operators, American Airlines executive Robert Crandallâ proposed making an industry-wide Computer Reservation System to be a focal clearing house for U. S. travel; different aircrafts challenged, refering to fear ofâ antitrust arraignment. Reservation System free exposition test Fundamental point of the Airline Reservation System is to help the clients in saving Air tickets through on the web. Aircraft Reservation Systems (ARS) used to be independent frameworks. Every carrier had its own framework, separated from different aircrafts or ticket specialists, and usable just by an assigned number of aircraft workers. Trip specialists during the 1970s pushed for access to the carriers ‘systems. Today, air travel data is connected, put away, and recovered by a system of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS), open by various aircrafts and trip specialists. The worldwide dissemination framework (GDS) makes for a significantly bigger trap of aircraft data, not just combining the purchasing and selling of tickets for various carriers, yet in addition making the frameworks available to buyers legitimately. GDS entries and passages on the Web permit shoppers to buy tickets straightforwardly, select seats, and even book lodgings and rental vehicles. Aircraft Reservation System (ARS) related to Global Distribution System (GDS) has prompted simplicity of carrier ticketing, flight planning and furthermore gave a way to clients to access and book departures from their homes. We will compose a custom article test on Reservation framework or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It has likewise sped up with which data about clients are recovered and taken care of for flight booking assignments. Discoveries Conclusion Online Hotel Reservation System Publisher:Mr. G. J. K. Date Published:November 2012 Source:http://www. studymode. com/articles/Hotel-Reservation-System-1248194. html Abstract Our venture is completed to build up an electronic application called Online Hotel Reservation System. The motivations behind structure the Online Hotel Reservation System are for visitors to reserve online spot and for lodging staff to oversee reservations, housekeeping matters and substance of the web application. Issues with the present framework which were found during business considers are tedious reservation process, equivocalness perspective on lodging condition, static substance in online framework and absence of housekeeping the executives framework. The Online Hotel Reservation System is huge to advance the capability of the framework, which offer the speed and accommodation of one-stop accessibility check, moment buy and affirmation in reservation process. The framework to be created would likewise permit staff to oversee housekeeping matters and update all information on the Internet, 24 hours per day, without including a website specialist. Research on this task is led by visiting the sites of different inns and material on inn reservation all from the web. The philosophy applied in building up this framework is Waterfall Paradigm. Discoveries taking everything into account, this mechanized framework is intended to set aside time and cash for clients subsequently bringing about high benefit to the inn and better administrations to the clients. Inns will require low upkeep cost to keep up the framework. The framework to be created would likewise give an affordable path to the clients to do room or supper booking, or to get data. â€Å"COMPUTERIZED SCHEDULING SYSTEM† Publisher:MHAYBEL CAMARTIN MANILYN DEQUILLA Date Published:January 27,2011 Source:http://www. studymode. com/papers/Review-Of-Related-Studies-And-Literature-1089397. html Abstract An automated reservations and booking framework is given which on the other hand permits transportation customers to choose from pre-planned transportation administrations gave by transportation suppliers or to arrange and contract with transportation suppliers who have accessible unscheduled transportation space. The framework includes a focal automated information base. Transportation suppliers and buyers the same access the PC by means of a majority of terminal units. The focal automated information base contains a possibly document for putting away data in regards to accessible unscheduled transportation space which might be offered by a supplier for administration if a reasonable shopper request exists and for putting away data with respect to unscheduled transportation space which is required by buyers. The perhaps record encourages arranging and contracting between the gatherings. Discoveries Conclusion

Understanding Teens With ADHD

Understanding Teens With ADHD ADHD Living With ADD/ADHD Print Understanding Teens With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 26, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children sturti / Getty Images Lots of changes and transitions naturally occur during the teenage years. Some of these changes can be quite dramatic and complicated, especially when that teen is also dealing with the impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As a parent, your relationship with your teen is undergoing some changesâ€"and perhaps some challengesâ€"as your son or daughter is becoming more independent. You know that ADHD affects your childs behavior and emotions. Coming to terms with and understanding his/her own ADHD during these years can also have an effect on your childs self-perception and identity. This is especially important for those children who are first diagnosed with ADHD as a teenager.? Important Steps During the Teenage Years As your son or daughter enters and moves through adolescence, he or she will be expected to separate from you and become independent. Peer relationships are becoming much more powerful and influential. Your teen will have to deal with increasing social pressures, choose peer groups, and decide whether or not to use alcohol or illegal drugs. During the teenage years, your son or daughter is also adjusting to and working through understanding his or her own sexual maturation and sexuality. Understanding the Challenges   Adolescence is a pivotal time for all teenagersâ€"as they form self-identity, plan for the future, and move into adulthoodâ€"but it is a time that can be even more challenging for a child who has ADHD. The normal “hurdles” of adolescence that a child must clear can be much higher for the teen with ADHD who is facing these same challenges with less impulse control, more problems with self-regulation and inattention, and greater delays in maturity and executive functions. Because many children with ADHD lack social perceptiveness and interpersonal skills, they may struggle even more painfully during the teenage years when peers become more and more influential and peer rejection even more heartbreaking. This peer rejection can lead a child to move toward any social group that will be accepting, even if it is a group that is involved in delinquent behaviors. To top it off, the increased academic demands of high school require a student to be more organized and self-directedâ€"skills that are delayed in teens with ADHD. Keep in mind that your child will need more monitoring, external structure, and support during the teenage years than a child without ADHD. ADHD is often referred to as an invisible disability. Though ADHD can create significant challenges, frustrations, and painful experiences for a child (or adult) and family, the impact of ADHD may not be recognized by outsiders because the person looks normal. In other words, that persons impairments may not be obvious. The invisible nature of ADHD often makes it more difficult for others to fully understand the full extent and the complexities of the challenges a person with ADHD must deal with each day. As a result, difficulties may be attributed to other causesâ€"laziness, irresponsibility, or even bad parenting. These negative perceptions are hurtful and often prevent a child and family from moving forward. Education about ADHD helps correct these misperceptions. As your child learns more about his or her own unique ADHD, he/she becomes more empowered. Once challenges are better understood, solutions and strategies can be put in place. Insight into struggles allows the problems to be reframed in a more accurate light and helps a person move forward with not only a plan, but with greater optimism, self-advocacy, and hope for the future. Predictors of Success   According to the American Academy of Pediatricians (AAP), there are a number of important factors that contribute to a child with ADHD having the highest levels of success during adolescence. They include the following: Early interventionSelf-understanding and acceptance of problems and issuesA supportive familyAn understanding and developmentally attuned school systemAn appropriate Individualized Education Program, if indicatedA willingness to engage in appropriate counseling, mentoring relationships, and “coaching” surrounding production and completion of work The AAP identifies the highest risk factors that can lead to negative outcomes for teens with ADHD. These risk factors include: Delayed interventionAn ongoing cycle of failureSerious behavior problems in schoolSignificant substance abuseMedication refusalDamaged self-esteem resulting from the adolescent’s problems being viewed as character flaws rather than ADHD-related behaviorsGiving up or lack of motivation

Communication Problems Within The Workplace Essay - 828 Words

can we overcome obstacles to diversity such as mistrust and tension, stereotyping, and communication problems in the workplace? Mistrust and tension usually result from lack of contact and lack of familiarity. These can be overcome, to a large degree, by bringing individuals together in both formal and informal settings so they learn to better understand and appreciate members of other groups. Formal training, de- signed to identify the causes of mistrust and tension, can also help in this process. Stereotyping is the perception of others based our own interests, values, and cultures that distort and block what we see and hear. Formal training ,through the use of descriptive examples, can be effective in helping individuals identify the root causes of their stereotyping. In order to be able to change, people must first understand what it is that distorts their perspectives. Communication problems exist within all racial and cultural groups. Even among white males of the same age and background, there are opportunities for misunderstandings and confusion. The potential for errors and inefficiencies increases when the communications are between people with very different backgrounds, attitudes, expectations, etc., and the situation is potentially dis- Astros when one or more parties is not fluent in another s language. Language training (in whatever language is used in theShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Tension, Stereotyping, And Communication Problems Within The Workplace Essay854 Words   |  4 Pages #1 How can we overcome obstacles to diversity such as mistrust and tension, stereotyping, and communication problems in the workplace? Mistrust and tension usually result from lack of contact and lack of familiarity. These can be overcome, to a large degree, by bringing individuals together in both formal and informal settings so they learn to better understand and appreciate members ofRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communication in the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, to diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization orRead MoreCommunication And Its Impact On The Workplace936 Words   |  4 PagesOverall, communication has a big impact over all of our lives. It is something that we use on the day to day basis. For most of us we use communication on our job each and every day. On our jobs we use communication through visual communication, verbal communication, and written communication. In the workplace communication is extremely important. It can be seen as the glue that basically holds the workplace together to produce a great organization. But with communication there are also some strengthsRead MoreConflict in the Workplace675 Words   |  3 PagesConflict in the Workplace Introduction The business world is highly competitive from every perspective; competition for office space, virtual space, markets, customers, clients and with colleagues. It is the responsibility of people working together in their day to day business transactions to have finely tuned interpersonal skills, knowledge and experience to ensure that they achieve the best possible outcomes for themselves and their employers. In environments such as these, conflicts, argumentsRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Essential For Success1222 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Effective Communication skills are essential for success in every organization. Individuals today in the workplace need to effectively communicate with employees, customers and potential clients. Effective and clear communication if not delivered in the right manner could be interpreted by the receiver and have a negative impact. There are many barriers that can effect a conversation such as cultural differences, gender and environment. Employees can learn how to adapt in differentRead MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoachingRead MoreEffective Communication Within A Workplace854 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication skills are very important no matter where or who you are. Communication within a workplace can determine whether a business or individual is successful or not. Understanding effective communication in a medical setting helps hospitals and doctor offices develop a work environment that is able to communicate effectively with coworker, patients and doctors in order to take of the patients needs. Listening, clarity and Patience are three main keys to effective communication within aRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities. In a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communicat ion, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes that are essential in workplace citizenship because it promotes a healthy relationship between health professionals, patients and improve the nursing workplace. Communication is the exchanging informationRead MoreCommunication Problems At The Workplace1422 Words   |  6 PagesLittle Rock AFB Campus, AR October 6, 2015 Introduction â€Å"Communication problems in the workplace can cost your company productivity and money. Without efficient communication, your company is unable to exchange information essential to daily operations and create a communication network†¦..† (Root, n.d.). When you think about communication in the workplace, as an employee you may not think about what poor communication can cost the organization you work for. But it not only affects theRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Is Complicated And Each Individual1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are many organizational problems that will decrease the effectiveness, it is hard to create a conflict free team, managers are necessary to understand the differences between individual behaviors, then use it appropriately to solve common organizational problems. When it comes to organizational problems, I always want to talk about the importance of good communication within a group. There are so many opportunities for poor communications happen in a workplace that you can’t even realize

Phaedra and Enlightenment - 768 Words

Phaedra and Enlightenment values The Enlightenment period was began shortly after the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and lasted through the 18th century. This was an â€Å"intellectual movement† and the writers of this period disapproved of religion and politics ruled by absolutism. â€Å" The movement would question almost every aspect of social and political life in Europe†(Hunt, 522). The writers and scholars that had enlightened views were those who believed that all people are able to apply reason or critical thinking to all issues that may arise in their lives. The countries that were affected most by the Atlantic system were participants in the enlightenment movement, such as: Britain, France and the Dutch Republic (Hunt, 522). Jean Racine†¦show more content†¦This all could have been avoided if Phaedra was in better control of her emotions. The play brings about awareness of having morals, purity and holding ourselves accountable for making the right choices. I think for these reasons the play is an example of enlightenment values. Citations: Hunt, Lynn, First Hunt, et al. The Making Of The West, Peoples And Cultures, A Concise History. 3rd ed. Boston, NY.: Bedford/st Martins, 2010. Print. Lawall, Sarah. The Norton Anthology Of Western Literature: The Enlightenment Through The Twentieth Century. 8th. 2. New York: W W Norton , 2006.Show MoreRelatedPhaedra as an Example of Enlightenment Values802 Words   |  4 PagesPhaedra, originally part of the large body of Greek mythological works, has been adapted, modified and presented in new contexts in recent centuries. For example, following the original conception of this tragedy by Euripides, versions of it have appeared in Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, etc through the authorship of such great writers as Frencesco Bozza, Jean Racine, Miguel de Unamuno, etc. Eugene O’Neill’s incorporation of it as a subplot in his ‘Desire Under the Elms’ testify to the everlastingRead MoreCompare Candide and Tartuffe5528 Words   |  23 Pagescenturies. The Neo-Classic time period contributed in the expansion of peoples view of life.   The Enlightenment period writers focused on reason, knowledge, and rationality as major themes. In this era the  Catholic Church  was still an extremely powerful institution operating throughout much of Europe; however reason was beginning to emerge as an alternative to faith and religion. As a result, Enlightenment writers began to look at the world critically and rationally. Much of the important literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1365 Words   |  6 PagesNeoclassicism was a Western movement in almost every visual art form that draws inspiration from the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical means the revival of the ancients. The Neoclassical age coincided with the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century and lasted into the early nineteenth century, competing alongside Romanticism. Neoclassical architecture, however, lasted from the eighteenth century through the twenty-first century. Neoclassicism originated in Rom e,

Charlotte Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper - 1603 Words

Rough Draft Throughout history, women have been portrayed as stay-at-home wives who care of the children, clean the house and prepare meals while the men go out, work and provide for their families. They weren’t supposed to be influential, powerful individuals. Women were shown as followers rather than leaders. They were to obey their husbands and assist them at home while the men go out and work. Back then, the image placed in the minds of young women were that they would eventually get married, have kids, and stay at home, taking care of them. In Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator breaks away from society’s view on women because she compares how her husband treats her to how all men treat women. Charlotte Gilman was known for being an advocate for gender equality and feminism. Although there is no certainty that this story is about her life, it was safe to assume that parts of this story were pulled from her personal life. This story critique s society’s view on women and gives more of a feminist view on the entire concept of marriage and how women should behave. In The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator and her husband clash over how the wife should act. While it seems like she has a mental illness, readers may interpret it as she will no longer obey her husband or society’s view on how to be a normal housewife. The more her husband tries to convince her that she is fine and continues to tell her what she should be doing, the more the narrator begins toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Charlotte Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper 1517 Words   |  7 PagesGender Role in The Yellow Wallpaper In Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Jane is driven insane when the neurasthenia rest cure is given to he by her husband and physician, John. The rest cure was created by Dr. Weir Mitchell targeted towards women who displayed symptoms of neurasthenia,†a psychological disorder marked especially by easy fatigability and often by lack of motivation, [and] feelings of inadequacy†(Merriam- Webster). Jane is forbidden to work and write. She is told to not overexertRead MoreAn Analysis Of Charlotte Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in 1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† may be approached as an American example of the female Gothic, a literary genre pioneered by English writers such as Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe. According to the book â€Å"Loving with a Vengeance: Mass Produced Fantasies for Women,† author Tania Modleski points out that texts belonging to this genre typically focus on female protagonists who find themselves in romantic relationships with men that eventually come to oppress themRead MoreCharlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1343 Words   |  6 PagesDespite living in a confined room, the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† finds a way to break free, become an entirely new person, and explore the evils and unfairness holding her back in society. This demonstrates that those who are oppressed can overcome their oppressors but cannot belong in the same structure after realizing the negative impact on not only themselves, but also on society as a whole. The narrator is forced to suppress her true feelings until she violentlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper 839 Words   |  4 PagesShaquan Chavis 17 November, 2015 English 110 Professor. Cia Kessler Essay #4: Infantilization inside of the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† The way woman were treated in the late 1800’s is totally different than today. At that time woman and men were not equal to each other. Women were confined to particular roles. The men usually played the dominant role which led women to just listen and follow their spouse. During that time woman were at the bottom of the social class. The regular household consistedRead MoreAnalysis Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper 1047 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Niemann PY.260.115.05: Humanities Core I 11/22/15 Niemann I What lies beneath â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Written in 1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story that explores the mind of a woman who is driven to insanity by her surrounding environment. This woman, who narrates her experiences in a journal, begins by marveling at the grandeur of the estate her husband has taken for their summer vacation. Her feeling that there is â€Å"something queer† (307) about the situationRead MoreThe Structure Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1950 Words   |  8 PagesStructure of Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† In the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman creates a character of a young depressed woman, on the road to a rural area with her husband, so that she can be away from writing, which appears to have a negative effect on her psychological state. Lanser says her husband â€Å"heads a litany of benevolent prescriptions that keep the narrator infantilized, immobilized, and bored literally out of her mind. Reading or writing herself upon the wallpaper allowsRead MoreAnalysis Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper 2536 Words   |  11 PagesResearch Paper Charlotte Perkins Gilman took a leap of faith while writing one of the most notorious stories of her time. The era in which it was written was a time where women were frowned upon for voicing their opinions. Women’s roles in society have evolved over a course of many years. Jobs, social standings, and other rights have not always come easy like they do today. Women were not treated as equals. Gilman’s voice is undoubtedly heard in her story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, writing about aRead MoreFeminism Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1596 Words   |  7 Pages Evelyn Gomez Mrs. Kehrmeyer AP English 11 3 December 2014 Feminism in the 1960 s Feminism is the push for woman’s rights considering their political, social and economic equality to men. The feminist movement of the 1960 s demonstrated how women demanded equal rights since they wanted to be included into the world around them not only as mothers and house wives but as a vital part society. Women realized there were more opportunities for them in the world rather than staying home cleaning andRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s Story of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper we see two marriages that are shaped by the hands of society at large and the husbands. Marriage in the upper classes in the late 1800s to the turn-of-the-century was primarily done to increase one party’s social standing, and as such divorce was generally severely frowned upon. Divorce, beginning at the wife’s behest at least, was unprecedented unt il the latter half of the 1800s. Both marriages center on womenRead MoreCharlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1861 Words   |  8 Pagesconcern than Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Gilman uses her background filled with her own struggles with mental illness and the oppression she suffered from her husband and 19th century society due to that illness to illustrate the outcome of a doctor or bystander dismissing the seriousness of the disease. A reader can witness the mental illness and oppression Gilman faced and the consequences of a misdiagnosis through her character Jane in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Charlotte

Operation Management free essay sample

Executive summary Penang Mutiara Hotel is a famous luxurious hotel in the South-East Asia. This report is regarding to finding about the operation function strategy of the Peanag Mutiara Hotel to achieve success of strategy. The operation strategic decision it helps to identify what are the operation functions of Penang Mutiara hotel and what are the market requirement of the hotel. Besides, it also using the Hayes Wheelwright model to analyze what is the hotel suitable for. By using the Hayes Wheelwright model, the model which compromise with four stages the stages which are the internally neutral, externally neutral, internally supportive, and the externally supportive. Furthermore, according to this case it also explaining what is the operation contribution to achieve by applying it to the general manager. After describing the operation contribution what to apply and it may explain what are the five operational performance objectives of it hotel. In the end of the case which is to finding the importance key contribution of operation activities. 1. 0 Introduction The Penang Mutiara Hotel is one of the luxurious hotel in the South-East Asia which owned by the Pernas-OUE of Malaysia and managed by the Singapore Mandarian International hotel. Hence Penang Mutiara gives to its customers with the quality of service and also wants to give everything what it guests wants and needs. 2. 0 Finding 2. 1 Question 1 In this case, the customer of the Penang Mutiara which would like to return back to the hotel because of the hotel serving the customer or it guests with high potential quality service. For example, fast response to its customer, some of the customer which might request something else that is important from a staff and the staff of its hotel quickly sorted out immediately, while this will bring benefits to it hotel because the staff are doing thing fast. Next to keep promise to be of service to the customer, for example the hotel staff which would ready the accounts when the guests depart and this will influence the guests expects a dependable service. Last, most of it staff is multi skilled employee. For example to avoid the irritating delays, when a guests have been to the hotel before so the staff of its hotel try to avoid having to repeat the information back to the customer. Besides and also the reception staff would simply check weather if the customer has stayed before, retrieve the information and straight take its customer to their room. In order to achieve the competitive advantage and satisfy the customer needs the Penang Mutiara hotel by serving it customer with impeccable service. For example, the hotels staff must be courteous at all time and also keep friendly to its customers. The hotel of it staff also have the knowledge to answer the customer question when they asked. Besides, to improve with satisfying the customer needs and wants, the general manager of its hotel state that â€Å"our staff would never like to say no† to the customer. However, the customer had requested for some food that the hotel restaurant don’t have and the staff of t hotel to make sure they can go to the supermarket and try to get it what the customer of its hotel require. Hence this is also a very important to maintain the motivation of the staff side effect. 2. 2 Question 2 (Hayes Wheelwright. , 1985) had described the four generic roles of that manufacturing can play within a company from a strategic perspective. In stage one, internal neutrality, this is something that are the poorest level of operation function contribution. In this stage, the operation contribution it also lacking in flair and competitive drives. The operation functions of this stage are inward looking and at best reactive. The vision of this stage is to be internally neutral a position it attempts to achieve not by anything positive but it is the best contribution to avoid big mistake. For example in this stage which is to focus the internally neutral, which focus with the daily issue of its hotel is like is the toilet clean enough. When comes to stage two, stage two is the externally neutral which is a stage that the operation function has to be compare itself with other competitors performance. While comparing itself with the competitors performance which might also need to adopting the â€Å"best practice† that which may take the best idea and norms of performance from the competitors. By filtering the best practice performance from the competitors, the Penang Mutiara Hotel is well prepared for the market competition. For example, the Peanang Mutiara hotel must build a staff training team which to provide more good service to the hotel customers, hence as most of the competitors are also doing the same. Stage three, internally supportive. Base on this stage the internally supportive which focus on improving an organization operation and to achieve the first class companies in the market. At this stage, operation function of the hotel staff it must supposed to be assisting the hotel service to perform better than the competitors in some perceptions. Besides, the operation function of this stage is to require to achieving one of the best hotel in the competitors market itself. Hence by this judgment, a clear view is supposed to brought by the operations, which the hotel staff service develop an excellent operation resources, and finally it will excels in market. For example, the quality of the hotel service is better than other competitor in the market, so the staff of it hotel it will perform better than the rest of competitor. The final stage externally supportive which is to sees the operation function as providing one of bases for its competitive success. In this stage the operation which are creative and proactive, likely to organize its resources in ways which are capable of adaption and innovative as markets change. Last, in this stage it is also a long term driver of strategy which the operation are not only developing an appropriate resources and also implementing the competitive strategy. Meanwhile for the Penang Mutiara Hotel, the hotel itself also can provide some event which can let the guests of the hotel to participate, and the winner can get some offer and so on. Besides, it also can provide more facilities which might be able to add value to its guests. 2. 3 Question 3 According to the case study of Penang Mutiara Hotel, the General Manager of the hotel Wernie Eison it has to be dependable to make sure that competes with other competitors. Firstly, expand the business in other place to gain more market share and to compete with other strong competitors in the South-East Asia. Besides that, the manager which should also diversifying its service to fulfil the demands of customers, for example such as offering the customer with difference holiday traveling package and also to diversifying types of food. Last, the manager also can form a membership card to gain more loyalty customer which to be can offer more special service and good prices. Be appropriate, for the Penang Mutiara Hotel to get more success it has to using an appropriate strategy to enhance the customer satisfaction, for example offer high class quality, standard hotel services and a comfortable environment for the customers. Meanwhile, the manager of the Penang Mutiara Hotel must be innovative. By having innovation the hotel it might fulfil its customer satisfaction, for example, the hotel of its promotion must be innovative such as certain period have certain special prices which to attract the customer. The manager of its hotel also needs to develop an operation which to drives long term capabilities to the hotel. For example, by upgrading the technology such as available free Wi-Fi internet access in the hotel hall, providing traffic map at the reception counter, promotion information at the internet website, and the hotel quality service. Last, the hotel it staff need to improve their quality service such as foreign language, while improving in this situation it might be communicate well with the customer at the end it bring long term of capabilities to the hotel. 2. 4 Question 4 Slack et al. (2007) explain that five operations performance objectives which can allow the organization to measure its operation performance by using the five basic performance which are the quality, speed, dependability, flexibility, and cost. Quality Quality it means â€Å"do thing right†. Doing thing right it may give out or providing error goods and services to satisfy the customer. According to the case study of Penang Mutiara Hotel, the hotel wishes to provide the best service by producing impeccable service to the customer. The staff of it hotel are courteous, helpful and friendly enough to the customer. Besides that the hotel of if staffs it has the quality of knowledge to answer the customer if anything requested or be asked. Other than that, for the Penang Mutiara Hotel, the hardware of the whole building which to support the hotel atmosphere to let the customer look luxurious of it, and also using the top class durable material to create the right impression and environment too. Speed Speed it mean â€Å"do something fast†. While doing something fast it might minimize the time which to give advantage the customer. For the Penang Mutiara Hotel, the time between the customer requesting are not allow to let them wait too long instead of the staff response it as immediately and this is considered as speed adds flexibility. Besides that, the hotel also minimizing the time when the customer call room service to request a meal instead of going out restaurant to eat. Last, speed adds dependability, the hotel it staff which might provide the latest information with fast delivering for the new customer entrance and also the available room information. Dependability In this stage performance, dependability which it means â€Å"do something on time†. While doing something in time for the customer in order to receive their goods and services when are promised. For the Penang Mutiara Hotel, they are making sure that the room are having been ready and the accounts bill is ready present on time for the customer when they depart. Last, when there is a banquet, they also make sure that the food, drinks and entertainment has to be everything on time. Flexibility In this performance mean a clear result responding to the environment is that an organization to change their product and services and also changes of the way they do business. (Peter, T, 1998) argues that changes and develops flexible and responsive of organization to cope with dynamics business environment. For the Penang Mutiara Hotel, flexibility adds quality, they had the ability to adjust the number of customer treated. For example, the customer of it hotel require something that does not exists in the hotel restaurant and the staff will go to the supermarket and try to get it. Other than that, the hotel also it has the ability to adjust the number of customer served with insufficient of staff working. Cost In this stage cost it means â€Å"do things cheaply†, one major operation objective is that the company compete with prices is â€Å"cost†. Low price is an attractive objective to luring the customer, and also which can be achieved by producing goods at lower costs. For the Penang Mutiara Hotel, mostly all of the other objectives are affect costs. For example, the Penang Mutiara Hotel treated their customer as good quality so the customer it might return back to the hotel, hence in the end the more guests they have which keeps cost per guest down and profitability reasonable, and it’s the quality of the service which keep their volume high and cost low. 3. 0 Conclusion The Penang Mutiara Hotel is a luxurious hotel in the South-East Asia. The hotel are managed to maintain it competitiveness with their current existing strategy, but however, their current strategy are still insufficient to compete with the competitors itself. Hence Penang Mutiara Hotel in order to keep their competitiveness with competes with the competitors by strengthening in their own operation strategy with innovation and creativity. In the end, the Penang Mutiara Hotel it will be success to gain its brand image and loyal customer too.

History of Red Bull Company

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion People Element Place Element Physical presence Conclusion and Recommendations List of References Introduction Red Bull is one of the leading energy drinks manufacturer and distributor in the world. The firm was started in 1987 in Thailand, and has since gained a global market coverage. According to Lehmann (2005, p. 138), this firm experienced massive success in 1990s because this industry was less competitive. The company chose a market niche that had few players.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Red Bull Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the major firms in this industry were manufacturing and distributing fizzy drinks and other beverages. Coming with the energy drinks was seen as a unique trend, and this earned this firm a lot of market share during its early stages of existence. The firm has been able to expand to other internation al markets, especially in Europe and the United States. The report by Lehmann (2005, p. 140) shows that it is the world’s largest energy drinks manufacturer and distributer. The success of Red Bull in the market can be attributed to the three elements of marketing which include people, place, and physical evidence. Red Bull has been successful because of the employees involved in the firm at various capacities. The place element of marketing mix has also been very important in helping the firm achieve maximum success. Physical evidence has also played a major role in helping this firm to succeed. This research will analyze these factors in order to determine their relevance to the performance of this firm. Discussion Red Bull’s success in the market can be attributed to the three marketing elements mentioned above. According to Ewbank and Foulger (2010, p. 26), it is always important to analyze some of the specific success factors in an organization based on the market ing mix elements. Upon a critical study of Red Bull, the researcher has been able to determine that the three elements of people, place, and physical evidence have played a major role in helping this firm achieve success in the market. It would be important to understand how individual element have helped this firm achieve success.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People Element People form one of the most important elements of marketing mix within an organization. Success of a firm always depend on the activities of its employees. According to Ewbank and Foulger (2010, p. 27), employees form the most important resource within an organization. They carry the vision of an organization, and their skills, talents, and level of dedication would always determine success of an organization. At Red Bull, the employees have played an important role in helping it achieve its current success. The firm has been on hiring competent employees with the capacity of meeting the demands of the dynamic market. The firm has been keen to ensure that its recruitment procedure is rigorous, and only passionate and talented employees are hired. The company has various recruitment processes that ensure they get the right people for various responsibilities within the company. Employees hired through such rigorous processes are nurtured by the company through in-service trainings and participation in relevant responsibilities in order to help them develop their careers. The company has put measures to monitor its sales team to ensure that they are working within the expectations of the firm. This element has played a major role in the recent expansion of this firm (Lehmann 2005, p. 143). Red Bull has kept a team of highly motivated employees who are able to meet the changing needs of consumers. Its marketing personnel has been actively conducting market research in orde r to gain understanding of the changing marketing forces. If this firm maintains this group of motivated employees, then chances are high that it is destined to greater success. Place Element A firm must define a clear method that it uses to make its products reach consumers in good time and in good quality. A sound choice needs to be made on whether the company would sell its products through direct representation or strategic distributors. Red Bull has been keen on selecting the right channels of distributing its products in the global market.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Red Bull Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Red Bull started by distributing its products to small distribution outlets like health clubs and bars during its early stages of existence. However, this distribution strategy changed when the firm started experiencing market growth. The management realized that it coul d no longer rely on the simpler distribution strategies that it had been using within its hometown. The management had to define a new distribution strategy that would meet the changing market demands, especially when it went global with its products. To penetrate new markets, the management of Red Bull has been targeting strategic distributors to ensure that its products reach the global market. One of the strategies that the firm has been using in the past is strategic alliance formation with specific wholesalers, large retailers and other distributers in different markets to ensure that its products are made available in the global market. Strategic alliances offer a viable option for this firm to make its products available in the global market without the need to have its own employees spread across the world. In situations where strategic alliances are not viable, Red Bull has rented its own warehouses and distributed its products using various transport systems. However, it i s important to note that this method has come with increased capital investment that Red Bull must incur. Although its gives this company more autonomy in distribution of its products, the costs reduces profitability. This explains why the management of Red Bull has been seeking strategic alliances with various firms in the global market. Red Bull has considered the use of technology to enhance the place element of the marketing mix. The firm has considered using vending machines to distribute its products, especially in gyms, clubs, and universities in selected cities. Such a move increases awareness of its products to a larger market segment enabling the company to increase its market share. These alternative distribution channels has helped this firm to increase sales. The use of the vending machines has however, met some resistance in the market. The place element has also been enhanced through the use of internet. Red Bull has used internet to market its products globally.Adver tising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The firm has also been very active in the social media as a way of increasing the geographic market for its products. Most of its major adverts have been made through social media such as Facebook, YouTube, and Tweeter. The company has adopted this strategy because most of its customers are actively on social media. Physical presence According to Kotler (2005, p. 114), consumers in the current market have become very critical of the physical appearance of the places where they make their purchases. Initially, firms ignored the importance of the physical structure they used to deliver their products to the consumers. For instance, many firms did not bother about the appearance of the shops as long as customers were able to get the products they desired within the right time. However, this has changed over the recent years, and Red Bull is one of the firms that have realized the importance of the beautifying the facilities they use to deliver the products to their customers. The physi cal attractiveness of the exterior and interior facilities that firms use have currently been used by the customers to judge the quality of products that a firm delivers, and its commitment to the customers. When a customer is exposed to a poorly designed shopping facility, they would always make a negative judgment about the firm and all its products. The management of Red Bull has come up with elaborate programs that have changed the physical appearance of its shopping facilities. Over the past one decade, this firm has changed the design of most of its facilities (Kotler 2005, p. 115). At its production plant, the firm has ensured that employees are provided with attractive and safe working stations that offers them motivation. This has helped improve their performance. The firm has also restricted its stores that it uses to sell its products directly to consumers. One of the issues that has been raising a lot of concern in the market is the need to have many exists at these shop ping malls for the purpose of enhancing security. The management of Red Bull has responded positively to this requirements. The firm has also constructed beautiful outlets in a number of locations within the United States and other major markets around the world. This helps in convincing its customers that it is committed to offering them products of high quality. Conclusion and Recommendations It is clear from the analysis of the three elements of marketing mix that Red Bull has been using that the market is getting increasingly competitive. This firm must come up with clear systems that would enable it manage the future market in order to remain competitive in the future market. The analysis shows that Red Bull has done performed well in managing the current market forces. The firm has tried to be dynamic in order to change with the changing market forces. However, the firm should consider the following recommendations if it expects to gain competitive advantage over its rivals in this industry. When dealing with people as one of the elements of marketing mix, the management should try to focus on nurturing talents among its employees. The current competitive market requires innovative minds that can enable the firm to come up with new ideas of handling various activities within the firm. The place element of marketing mix need to involve extensive use of the modern technologies in order to reach customers. Technology has reduced the world into a small global village. It order to maximize benefits of this village, Red Bull should use modern technologies of communication to each out to the global consumers. Physical evidence always portrays a firm’s commitment towards delivering value to its customers. The management should make an effort to beautify most of its physical facilities, especially at its outlets. Customers will always make a judgment of the value of products they purchase from this firm by analyzing the appearance of these physical facili ties. List of References Ewbank, A Foulger, T 2010, ‘Red Bull, Starbucks, and the Changing Face of Teacher Education’, The Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 92. no. 2, pp. 25-28. Kotler, P 2005, ‘The Role Played by the Broadening of Marketing Movement in the History of Marketing Thought’, Journal of Public Policy Marketing, vol. 24 no. 1, pp. 114-186. Lehmann, D 2005, ‘Dimensions of Marketing’s Relationship to Society’, Journal of Public Policy Marketing, vol. 24. no. 1, pp. 137-142. This research paper on History of Red Bull Company was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

British English vs. American English

British English vs. American English Playwright George Bernard Shaw once claimed, England and America are two countries divided by a common language. Since the Americas were colonized over 400 years ago, the form of English used in the United States has deviated from that used in the United Kingdom. Therefore, the form of English used in the United Kingdom is called British English, and the form of English used in the United States is called American English.During the course of writing, you may be asked to write in your non-native format. For example, some academic journals require articles to be formatted in a particular style. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the ways in which the two forms differ. It is also important to point out that the differences in style extend beyond what your spell check may highlight. This article will address the differences between the two forms, including spelling, punctuation, grammar, vocabulary, idioms, and formatting of dates and numbers.SpellingFor spelling issues, the safe st option is to consult a dictionary. Use the Oxford Dictionary for British English and the Merriam Webster Dictionary for American English. A few common differences are listed below.American English or vs. British English our:Examples include color/colour and favorite/favourite.American English ze vs. British English se:Examples include analyze/analyse and criticize/criticise.American English ll vs. British English l:Examples include enrollment/enrolment and skillful/skillful.American English er vs. British English re:Examples include center/centre and meter/metre.American English e vs. British English oe or ae:Examples include encyclopedia/encyclopaedia and maneuver/manoeuvre.PunctuationThe most important difference involves the use of quotation marks. Double quotation marks are used as primary quotes in American English, whereas single quotation marks are used in British English.For quotes within quotes, single quotation marks are used in American English, and double quotations m arks are used in British English.To add to the confusion, periods and commas are generally placed inside closing quotes in American English and placed outside closing quotes in British English. In both styles, question marks and exclamation points are placed inside the quotation marks if they belong to the quotation and outside otherwise.The following sentences highlight the key differences.My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. (American English)My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. (British English)Another difference appears in letter writing. In American English, a comma follows the salutation in an informal letter (Dear John,), and a colon follows the salutation in a business letter (Dear John:). In British English, a comma follows the salutation in all letters.Writers should also be careful when using the term i.e. as the punctuation that follows also differs. In American English, a comma follows i.e. or e.g. No comma is used in British English.Abbr eviations may also be expressed differently. In American English, a period is typically used with abbreviations (Ph.D and Mr.), but in British English, no period is used (PhD and Mr).Finally, it is also worthwhile to note that ( ) marks are referred to as brackets in British English. In American English, ( ) marks are referred to as parentheses (singular parenthesis), whereas [ ] are called brackets.GrammarWill/ShallIn British English, it is fairly common to use shall with the first person to talk about the future. Americans rarely use shall.I will never forget this favour. (American English)I shall/will never forget this favour. (British English)Collective NounsCollective nouns like jury, team, family, and government can take both singular and plural verbs in British English. In American English, they normally take a singular verb.The committee meets tomorrow. (American English)The committee meets/meet tomorrow. (British English)VocabularyThe greatest difference between the two for ms may be in vocabulary. Some differences in usage and/or meaning can cause confusion or embarrassment:Apartment vs. FlatArea code vs. Dialing codeATM vs. CashpointBaby carriage vs. PramBathroom vs. Loo/water closetCookie vs. BiscuitElevator vs. LifePeriod vs. Full stopThere are also a few differences in preposition use, including the following:American English on the weekend vs. British English at the weekendAmerican English on a team vs. British English in a teamIdiomsThere are a number of English idioms that have essentially the same meaning but show lexical differences between the American and British version, for instance:Knock on wood vs. Touch woodA drop in the bucket vs. A drop in the oceanBeating a dead horse vs. Flogging a dead horseLay of the land vs. Lie of the landDates and numbersIn American English, the date is expressed as April 17, 1978. Conversely, in British English, the date is expressed as 17 April 1978.The time may also be expressed differently in British Engli sh since the 24-hour clock (18:00 or 1800) is routinely used in the UK and Europe in applications including air, rail, and bus timetables; however, it is largely unused in the US outside of military, police, and medical applications.Finally, in most cases, British English and American English can be used interchangeably. However, in formal writing, it is important to know the distinctions and apply them appropriately.

Living at the Crossroads Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Living at the Crossroads - Article Example Subsequently, the authors have demonstrated their remarkable historical perspective by helping us to trace the deep roots of our modern Western worldview which they believed was shaped by the â€Å"Reformed intellectual tradition†. In this perspective, the authors have tried to help us apprehend where we have come from and where we want to go. This made them believe that the gospel is always contextualized. However, according to Nietzsche in his book ‘ON the Genealogy of Morality,’ he objects Christianity as he saw Christianity as dogma set forth by institutes like churches and this ideology has failed to represent the life of â€Å"Living at the Crossroads†. The reason that made Nietzsche perceive Christianity as untrue is the contrast he made between the Christians life to that of Jesus, and this made him view Jesus as a distinctive individual who initiated his own ethical evaluations compared to Christians who lack it. Therefore, Nietzsche contends that if Christians lack their moral value then they are misguided and lack focus with the way the world certainly functions. Above all, Goheen and Bartholomew have clearly used biblical overview and historical perspective to teach us that Jesus is in every domain of human society. Therefore, living at the Crossroads is basic for Christian. This is supported by the sheer fact that Christianity has been recording its most dynamic growth in Latin America as they have tried to justify political authority deprived of continually invoking religion and God.

Denial of service (dos) attacks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Denial of service (dos) attacks - Essay Example In other words DOS attack is described, as an attack in which the memory clogged up so much that a target will unable serve its legitimate users. Or data packets are sent to the target system so much so that it cannot handle it and thus making it to either crash, reboot or more commonly deny services to legitimate users. "A denial of service attack involves preventing you from accessing data or service by confusing or overloading the computers or networking equipment" (Cyganski and Orr, 2002, p. 279). This vulnerability is commonly used to hang remote systems and sometimes force them to reboot which ultimately results in denial of service, means denying the valid services by Networks to the legitimate and authenticated users. This attack no longer works as most of the system administrators upgraded their systems making them safe from such type of serious attacks. The trick in this attack is to ping a target system with excess data packets that exceeds the maximum bytes allowed by TCP/IP protocols suite. The memory of the target system would be clogged up and forces it to hang, reboot or crash. Since the data gram is so huge that it would be difficult for the target system to handle. The data sent over the Internet is broken down into small fragments at the source and reassembled at the destination system. Teardrop attack uses the vulnerability present in the reassembling of data packets at the destination system. ... Teardrop The data sent over the Internet is broken down into small fragments at the source and reassembled at the destination system. Teardrop attack uses the vulnerability present in the reassembling of data packets at the destination system. Lets see how teardrop attack works. Suppose 4000 bytes of data have to be sent over Internet from one system to the other, this data is not sent to the destination system at one go. This data is fragmented into small parts and divided into a number of packets. Each data packet has a specified range. For example, 4000 bytes are divided three data packets. The first data packet will be from 1 byte to 1500 bytes; second from 1501 bytes to 3000 bytes and third and final data packet will carry from 3001 bytes to 4000 bytes. These data packets will be having an OFFSET field in their TCP header part. The offset field specifies the range of data that is being carried or specifies to which data packet the bytes are to be sent. A sequence of numbers is sent alon g with the packets so that the destination system could easily able to reassemble.In this attack data packets with overlapping offset field values are sent to the target system in a series. This makes it difficult for the target system to reassemble the data correctly and forces it to crash, hang or reboot. The following scenario explains the teardrop attack clearly. A system receives data in the following manner: (1 to 1500 bytes) (1501 to 3000 bytes) (3001 to 4000 bytes) In teardrop attack the data is sent in the following manner: (1 to 1500 bytes) (1500 to 3000 bytes) (1001 to 3600 bytes) When this type of overlapping data is received by the target system, it simply cannot

Towards Self Reliance In Defence Research Economics Essay

Towards Self Reliance In Defence Research Economics Essay The idea of self-reliance is important even today. However, self-reliance does not imply pursuing a policy of autarky. It does not mean cutting ourselves away from the world. Self-reliance in the modern world implies the ability to pursue ones interests with self-confidence and faith in ones own capabilities. We do not have to pursue self-reliance by doing everything ourselves. We can, indeed, pursue greater self-reliance by creating inter-relationships of inter-dependence that enhance our bargaining power. Greater interaction with the world can in fact enhance a nations self-reliance by creating a web of mutually beneficial inter-relationships.  [1]   Dr Manmohan Singh Buy Indian and Make Indian is going to be the major component of our procurement policy. That will help us to have a strong defence industrial base in India.  [2]   -A.K. Antony, Defence Minister Introduction 1. The blossoming Indian economy is fast pacing into the 21st century with the potential of being an economic superpower. Spurred by economic reforms and the impact of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation, India, is truly on the verge of carving its own niche in the world. 2. An economic superpower must also be a military super power, in terms of Military capability and strength. There should also be a dependable and reliable indigenous defence industrial base. A country which is self reliant and independent in its military requirements, and thus, also has access to technologically advanced capability can truly be termed as military superpower. The establishment of a well developed defence industrial base is of primary importance to any emerging super power. Focus should be on capability development followed by numeral growth, not the other way round. A clear understanding and identification of the requirements and needs of the armed forces and ensuring that the requirements are met within the stipulated time, in a cost effective manner, should be the primary goal of any defence industrial base and the determinant of its success. Indias Defence Industrial Base. A Historical perspective 3. Pre Independence. The pre-independence defence-industrial infrastructure in India consisted of 18 Ordnance Factories (OFs)  [3]  , generally catering to repair and overhaul as well as to supplement weapons and equipment produced in Britain. During this period India was never allowed to develop core competencies in industrial production. 4. Post Independence. Since independence the Indian leadership aimed at attaining self-sufficiency in entire domain of defence production and to achieve this Indias industrial policies  [4]  emphasized core industries (including defence sector) to be taken care of by the central government and others by the states. As a result eight Defence Public Sector Units (DPSUs) under exclusive control of the government were devoted to production of different military systems and components. Defence Science Organisation (DSO) was established at that time to take up challenges of undertaking RD activities. DRDO was formed in 1958 from the amalgamation of the then already functioning developmental establishments with the DSO. DRDO then comprised of 10 establishments or laboratories which has now grown into a network of over 50 laboratories throughout India  [5]  . 5. Post 1962 war License production, direct purchase and acquisitions remained the predominant form of supply for the Indian defence forces. This resulted in a gap of nearly three decades in Indias effort toward indigenous production which was especially evident in the fields of design and development, which constitutes the upper spectrum of self reliance. A fighter aircraft between Marut and the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), a basic trainer aircraft between HT-2 and HPT- 32, an intermediate trainer between Kiran and an yet-to-be fully developed Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) are some of the examples that typify both the technology and production gaps  [6]  . 6. Trends in 1980s and 1990s. This was the period when Cold War came to an end and Global defence expenditure rose to an all time high in 1987 and then fell sharply during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Also, there was a rise in low intensity conflicts lawlessness, crimes and terrorism was spreading manifold. This was also the time countries were opening up their economies and the globalization era commenced. This period was the starting point of major defence acquisitions from abroad coupled with major initiatives in indigenous defence production, including RD activities. The license production of Jaguars and MiG- 27M was undertaken by HAL  [7]  . Also indigenous development of Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) and Main Battle Tank(MBT) Arjun were speeded up by DRDO. Production of missiles developed under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), through Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) commenced. Hence, during this period India had been a ble to initiate a number of projects for indigenous development. However, fructification of these projects was accompanied by inordinate delays and technological gaps. 7. The mainstay of armed forces was met through substantial arms acquisition from abroad primarily due to slow progress in our indigenous design and development activities as also the inability to keep pace with the global state-of-art technologies in the defence industry. With the change in environment after nuclear explosions by India and Pakistan and the Kargil conflict, the country had to give a re-look to its defence strategy including its objective of achieving self-reliance in defence industry. 8. Defence Industry in 21st Century Soon after the liberalization of the economy, the defence industry started realizing the importance of civil military interaction in the industrial sector to attain near self-reliance. Coupled with changes at institutional and organizational levels as recommended by the Group of Ministers Committee Report on Reforming the National Security System, is the most important policy shift in the defence-industrial sector allowing 100% private sector participation and 26% by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)  [8]  . Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) has been instrumental in influencing such a marked change in policy. While these far-reaching institutional and policy-oriented changes have been underway for quite some time, the demand for private participation has assumed significance in recent years. Trends in Global Defence Industry 9. The global defence industry has undergone profound changes in recent years. The massive military build up by many countries during the Cold War era fuelled greater demand for military weapons and systems. However, immediate post Cold War period witnessed the reverse trend in demand for military weapons and systems resulting in reduction in budgetary allocation in the defence sector. This resulted in many smaller companies either to merge with big ones or to shift their priorities towards civilian production, thus leaving the defence sector. Mergers and acquisitions during this period resulted in creation of a few giant companies like Boeing, Lockheed Martin, British Aerospace, Northrop Grumman, EADS and others. The military expenditure again witnessed upward trend since 1999 and this is likely to continue in future  [9]  . As procurement budgets have started to swell again and are likely to stay that way, new opportunities are expected for the defence industry. In the changing conflict scenario, there has been an upward trend in the LIC, insurgency, terrorism, OOAC etc as a result of which the global defence industry after a period of significant downsizing and rationalization has entered into a phase of renewed attention. Indias Defence Industry. 10. Post Cold War era, the changing trends in the global defence industry had affected Indian defence industry in many ways. The era of economic liberalization since 1991 has resulted in indigenous build-up of technological base in the IT, communication, electronics, automobile sectors etc. Since, all acquisitions in the past and till upto mid 90s were either outright purchase or linked with license production, what best the DPSUs or the OFs could gain was expertise in production which was entirely dependent on the assemblies and Semi knock Down Kits (SKD) or sub assemblies imported from the Original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The real technology transfer aimed at enhancing the indigenous development was missing in all the deals covered under License Production and Transfer of Technology (TOT). However, the most far reaching change that has impacted the Indias defence industrial sector is the opening up of this sector for private participation. The objectives are manifold viz., re duction of defence imports from current levels of 70 percent, increase in defence exports, enhance the indigenous RD skill level and infrastructure to produce technologically advanced state of the art equipment within the time frames specified. Coupled with the economic liberalization and opening up of the defence sector to private companies was linked the problem of licensing and requirement of foreign direct investment in the defence sector. In January 2001, the GOI initiated a series of major initiatives that included Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) up to about 26 percent and full private participation in certain sectors in the defence industry. Shift from Self Sufficiency to Self-Reliance 11. Since independence the Indias industrial policies outlined in Industry Policy Resolution of 1948 and 1951 was aimed at achieving self sufficiency in defence production. Towards this the government invested heavily in scientific and technological institutions both educational-such as the IITs, and research and development institutes such as the CSIR, ICAR, DAE, DoS, ICMR, DRDO so as to develop a strong technological base. However, the countrys defence was neglected, as was evident in 1962 war. With a weak Defence-Industrial Base (DIB), the policies to maximize production in order to attain self-sufficiency in the defence sector although were considered farsighted, did not match expectations, thus leading to shift of focus from self-sufficiency model to self reliance model post 1962 war. 12. Self-reliance in its true sense does not preclude accessing external sources for technology and systems, or external help in any stage of the production cycle. Hence, self-reliance as far as India was concerned, meant apart from Indias own production base for support a degree of dependence on reliable foreign sources for access to technologies, supply of components and complete systems was desirable. These were materialized by meeting urgent and immediate demands through imports form abroad while simultaneously striving for indigenous capabilities in defence production. Although Indias main focus on imports was from western countries like UK, France, Sweden these countries were reluctant in supplying defence equipment to India post 1962 war with China. Indias quest for self reliance got a major boost when Russia (erstwhile USSR) agreed to Licence production by India for various defence equipment acquired by India form Russia. These Licence production of aircraft, battle tank, a rms and ammunition were undertaken by various DPSUs as well as OFs. However, the only thing that lost its focus in the bargain was the transfer of technology aimed at enhancing indigenous production and RD activities. The outcome of this is obvious, as witnessed in the LCA program, MBT Arjun, aero engine Kaveri to name a few. In spite of having produced aircraft, tanks and aero engines under license production the organizations involved in the production could hardly assimilate and nurture the technology needed to supplement our own indigenous efforts. Probably the focus of these organizations was more towards production rather than indigenization. Defence Industrial Policy 13. The defence industrial policy was aimed at establishing a strong and self sufficient defence industrial base (DIB). The objective was to have thrust in indigenous production and exploring possibilities of exports to other developing nations that may look forward to supplies from India. 14. In spite of being more focused to numeral growth or production than on the capability development (RD), India has made rapid strides in defence technology in recent past and reached a stage of some level of self-reliance. The existing potential of the country in defence production, in the form of resource capability, know-how and technical expertise, could not be exploited to its full due to lack of clear cut defence policy. However, since liberalization of the economy in 1991 there has been increased civil military interaction. The changes in the defence production policy indicates the intention to involve the private sector in defence RD and production through licensing and indirect opening of the defence industrial sector to foreign companies through FDI and the offset arrangement. Our defence industrial policy  [10]  since independence broadly consists of the following:- Maximization of indigenous production. Licence production of those equipments which are available and can be obtained from abroad. Direct procurement of those equipments not covered above, but considered essential for ensuring the security. Indigeneous Production 15. To promote indigenous production 8 DPSUs and 40 OFs were established. Also DRDO comprising of a network of 50 labs was formed to undertake RD in the field of defence weapons, systems and equipment. Ordnance factories. At the end of the WW2 Indias defence industrial capacity amounted to 18 ordnance factories, a clothing establishment, and an aircraft production plant; and the new government subsequently inherited this capability. Post independence this continued till 1958 after which the ordnance factories were steadily expanded. The war against China in 1962 prompted a further expansion in Indias ordnance capability and today the country has 39 ordnance factories. They were built to meet the growing needs of Indias armed forces over the past 60 years.The Indian Ordnance Factories Organisation (OFO) is currently the largest departmentally run industrial undertaking in the country. The 39 OFs are government units producing armaments under five categories  [11]  : Ammunition and explosives Weapons Vehicles and equipment Armoured vehicles and Ordnance equipment (other military supplies, including general stores). Defence Public Sector Undertakings. The eight defence public sector undertakings (DPSUs) are public-sector corporations managed by the Indian government. The defence PSUs produces a range of defence equipment. They also provide overhaul and maintenance facilities. They are: Bharat Dynamics Ltd. BDL  was established in the year 1970 to be a manufacturing base for guided weapon systems  [12]  .  Ã‚   Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. BEML is one of the largest manufacturers and suppliers of earthmoving, construction and mining equipment in Asia  [13]  .   Bharat Electronics Ltd. (BEL) was established in 1954 to meet the specialised electronic needs of the Indian defence services  [14]  . Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. HAL is a major player in the global aviation arena. It has built up comprehensive skills in design, manufacture and overhaul of fighters, trainers, helicopters, transport aircraft, engines, avionics and system equipment  [15]  .   Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd. (GRSE) is one of  Indias leading  shipyards that builds and repairs a wide range of vessels from  warships  for the  Indian Navy  to  merchant shipping  vessels  [16]  . Goa Shipyard Ltd. GSL is a shipyard that is one of the most sophisticated ship builders in the Country. For over four decades, GSL has designed, built and commissioned a wide range of sophisticated vessels for varied applications in the defence and commercial sectors with special expertise in building modern patrol vessels of Steel and Aluminium hull structure  [17]  . Mazagon Dock Ltd. Mazagon Dock Limited is the Indias premier shipyard constructing warships as well as offshore platforms. It undertakes ship building, ship repairs and fabrication of offshore structures with facilities situated at Mumbai and Nhava  [18]  . Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ltd. MIDHANI caters to domestic and international customers with modern metallurgical facilities and high degree of technical competence for manufacturing its diverse product mix of superalloys, titanium alloys, special purpose steels, electrical resistance softmagnetic alloys, molybedenum and other alloys meeting the stringent requirements of the strategic sectors like defence, aerospace, power and general engineering etc  [19]  .   Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). India also has a defence research and development (RD) capability. Called DRDO. DRDO draws on the work of 51 laboratories/establishments across the country, and (in theory at least) has close links with the eight PSUs. It also co-operates with 70 academic research institutions, 50 national science and technology centres, and some companies in the private sector. License Production 16. Post independence Indias quest for self-reliance got a major boost through license production arrangement with USSR. This immensely benefited defence industry as it improved many notable weapon systems from this experience. Indias self-reliance model in defence production was thought to have given a life lease by the Soviets. The normal assumption is that production under license would enable the country not only to acquire the capability to produce a particular equipment or product but also help it gain the technical know-how for subsequent upgradation and further technological innovations. For the last fifty-odd years, India has been producing a number of defence equipment under license. Good examples in this regard are the Vijayanta tank and the MIG series of fighter aircraft  [20]  . But this does not seem to have helped in the development of the Arjun Main Battle Tank and the Light Combat Aircraft. Moreover, India has not even been able to upgrade  certain fighter airc raft held and operated for a long time by its armed forces. Direct procurement 17. To meet the immediate requirement of the armed forces, outright purchase of the systems/ equipment is resorted to. This may be from abroad or for indigenous companies. The objective of the defence policy aims at maximizing indigenous production; what could not be produced indigenously should be produced under license arrangement; and those that could not be obtained through these two routes should be acquired by direct purchase. Emerging Defence Production Policies in 21st Centruy Transparency in Defence Procurement 18. Since independence and almost till late 90s only a select few companies got the Request for Proposals (RFPs) with secrecy being maintained in the procurement process. With the introduction of Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) the government has strengthened its commitment to transparency in the procurement process and to removing the veil of secrecy surrounding it. The case in point is the procurement of MMRCA. The deals of recent times are open deals with no more veil of secrecy in the RFP. The details of the RFP are made available to all industry representatives by placing the tenders on the net, except in the most sensitive cases, which may be minuscule in number. Ensuring transparency in the procurement process has also resulted in widening the vendor base. Defence Procurement Procedure 19. Defence Procurement Procedure 2008 is presently being followed. This was issued after DP-2006 was revised along with the Fast Track Procedure 2001 and the Procedure for Indigenous Warship Building. In addition, most importantly, a procedure for the development of systems based on indigenous research and design, categorized as MAKE, has now been formulated. This bridges a critical gap that existed hitherto, and would provide the requisite framework for increased participation of Indian industry in the defence sector.  Some of the important features of Defence Procurement Procedure includes: Reducing the timeframe for acquisitions. Enhanced transparency by placing the generic requirements of the Services on MOD website and generating vendor registration through Internet. Increased transparency in the conduct of field trials. Integrity Pact made compulsory for all contracts above Rs. 100 crores. An Offset obligation of 30% for all contracts above Rs. 300 crores. However, there have been indications of companies trying to dilute this clause. FDI in Defence Production 20. To boost up the indigenous production in the defence sector, the government in 2001 had opened up the defence sector by permitting 100 percent private participation in defence production and also 26 percent Foreign Direct Investment of the host companys equity. However, the only glitch in the whole process was the requirement of obtaining a license from the defence ministry by the private firms to produce military hardware. However, there is a need to increase FDI limit from the current 26 per cent which would facilitate access to desired niche technology and processes. De licensing of Defence Production 21. DPP-2008 did away with the license requirement for industries for manufacturing military hardware, thereby creating a level playing field with the defence public sector undertakings. Considered to be a revolutionary DPP, the de licensing will enable the private industries to skillfully employ the available expertise to take up production of military hardware. This will definitely boost up the efforts of indigenization in defence technology. Raksha Udyog Ratnas 22. Effective participation by the Industry, both public and private, at various points of interaction and subsequent long-term association in product development and productionisation, can be only done through those firms of proven excellence and which are capable of contributing, depending on their technical, managerial and financial strength. These firms called as Raksha Udyog Ratnas (RUR) would be the key drivers towards raising indigenous defence technological base and world-class manufacturing capabilities in India. R D in Military Aviation Sector 23. Aviation is one of the most significant technological influences of our time and empowers the nation with strength. It is a major tool for economic development and has a significant role in National security and  international  relations. 24. Various military, DPSUs and private companies have been associated in the R D activities, software and systems development and systems integration on civil, fighter aircraft and helicopters. These are Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE), Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), Aircraft Upgrade Research and Development Centre (AURDC), HAL, Mission Computing System Research and Development Centre (MCSRDC) HAL, and Software Development Institute (SDI). DARE played a pivotal role in evolving the avionics architecture of Mig 27 upgrade, developed the Core Avionics Computer (CAC), mission computer software for CAC, display suite software of SU 30 MKI and the hardware and operating system of Radar Computer of SU 30 MKI. SDI based at Bangalore has been actively involved in the indigenous upgrades of SU 30 MKI as well as development of various mission planning systems and weapon algorithms employed in Mig 27 upgrade. AURDC has been involved in the Bison upgrade, Mig 27 upgrade and various indigenous upgrades of SU 30 MKI aircraft. MCSRDC has played a vital role in the software development and integration of avionics systems in the Jaguar (Darin II) aircraft. It is also involved in the upgrade of Jaguar to Darin III standards. Joint Ventures 25. India has an inherent edge over several other nations because of higher skills and lower costs of production. This makes India an ideal contender for joint ventures. HAL has entered into joint ventures with many overseas aviation system companies to undertake design and development of new systems in India. Some of these are the BaeHAL, HAL Edgewood, HELBIT etc. Many other software and hardware giants involved in the aviation hardware and software development especially in the embedded and real time system domain have also established their facilities in Bangalore. Some of these are GE Intelligent Systems, Honeywell, etc. 26. Given their rapid growth over the last decade, it is perhaps no surprise that Indian software companies such as HCL, Infosys, Infotech, Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro have been active in the aerospace industry for several years. Increasingly, they are benefiting from the engineering services outsourcing programmes. This will help India evolve from IT and low-end business process outsourcing work to high-end design services. Overseas companies view the Indian companies as long-term partners and not as mere suppliers/vendors. Private Participation 27. EADSs helicopter subsidiary Eurocopter has had one of the longest partnerships with Indian industry. Since 1962, it has worked with HAL in India to manufacture more than 600 Alouette 3 and Lama (known as Cheetah and Chetak locally) helicopters. HAL also produces airframes for the Ecureuil/Fennec family of rotorcraft. The European firm also plans to set up pilot training facilities in India for the civil and military segments and plans to invest à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7-8 billion ($9.5-11 billion) over the next 10 years. Tata has entered into JV with AgustaWestland to assemble the AW119 in India. 28. Honeywell Aerospace, which provides integrated avionics, engines, systems and service products for the aerospace industry, is one example. The US company has a design and development centre in India that it hopes to expand in the coming years. Airbus has set up the Airbus Engineering Centre India in Bangalore where local engineers help develop capabilities in modelling and simulation, covering areas such as flight management systems and aerodynamics, to help in the design and production of aircraft such as the A380 and the A350. It is also working with Indian IT firms such as CADES, HCL, Infosys, Quest and Satyam to offer support across various aircraft programmes. Conclusion 29. Indias defence-industrial strategy is directed primarily toward achieving self-reliance. Presently, there is a clear imbalance in requirements by the armed forces. While roughly 70 percent of requirements are met through arms imports, the domestic sources supply the rest. The current strategy is geared to reverse this trend with the primary aim of supplying three-fourth of the requirements through domestic sources. Indias decision to allow private participation in the defence-industrial sector is seen as a dual aim, namely to achieve much-needed capital and production enhancement and, secondly, to open up to the external market through their presence. There is also an effort to adopt suitable strategies to make select sectors like aerospace and electronics globally competitive. DPSUs like HAL and BEL are now much in demand and are trying to become viable global giants. 30. The overall strategy is to make the defence-industrial sector act as a locomotive for economic development. In this regard, an emphasis on dual-use technologies and production is contemplated which could benefit both the defence and civilian sector. The current strategy also looks into various options toward minimising the state investments in the defence sector while encouraging private and foreign portfolio investment in existing Indian defence companies. If recent changes in various policies related to the defence industry are supposed to have any meaning, then, despite all problems, there is something to be optimistic about in the Indian defence industry.

Lincoln :: essays research papers

Over the past few years we’ve seen the glamorous acquisitions and mergers of some of the world’s largest companies. Looking towards consolidating resources, minimizing risk and greater control over the product from inception to marketing, these mergers incorporate both vertical integration and horizontal integration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Times Warner’s’ merger with Turner broadcasting created the largest media company in the world. It owns cable distribution, cable channels, production, music publishing, book and magazine publishing, retail interests, film production and theater chains. An example of possible problems: The 1996 controversy over Time Warner’s cable provider not wanting to distribute Fox’s 24 hour channel, a competitor with Turner’s CNN. Add to this that TCI, the country’s largest cable provider, is now the third largest shareholder in the corporation through its stake in Turner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These new organizations have the ability to control and promote a product from multiple angles. However, the size doesn’t tell the whole story. A greater measure of the level of competition comes in terms of market share and the barrier for new companies to enter the industry. While the current trend seems to be toward both vertical and horizontal integration, there are possible reasons for the trend to reverse itself. Because of the financial risk involved with new, large-scale ventures, companies that compete in one market find themselves in partnerships elsewhere. This could cause conflicts should these competing ventures find themselves in the same market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have witnessed many mergers in recent months. Here are some mergers that might happen in the future: Names of Co. Merging  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New Name W.R. Grace Co., Fuller Brush Co., Mary Kay:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hale Mary Fuller Grace John Deere & Abitibi-Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deere Abi Honeywell, Imasco, and Home Oil:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Honey, I’m Home 3M, J.C. Penney, Metropolitan Opera Co:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 Penney Opera Grey Poupon & Dockers Pants:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poupan Pants Over the past few years we’ve seen the glamorous acquisitions and mergers of some of the world’s largest companies. Looking towards consolidating resources, minimizing risk and greater control over the product from inception to marketing, these mergers incorporate both vertical integration and horizontal integration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Times Warner’s’ merger with Turner broadcasting created the largest media company in the world. It owns cable distribution, cable channels, production, music publishing, book and magazine publishing, retail interests, film production and theater chains. An example of possible problems: The 1996 controversy over Time Warner’s cable provider not wanting to distribute Fox’s 24 hour channel, a competitor with Turner’s CNN. Add to this that TCI, the country’s largest cable provider, is now the third largest shareholder in the corporation through its stake in Turner.